Advances in the Chemical-Biological Knowledge of Essential Oils

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2025 | Viewed by 2425

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: ethnobotany; economic botany; essential oils; biological activity; medicinal and aromatic plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology (DBA), University of Roma “La Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: ethnobotany; economic botany; essential oils; biological activity; medicinal and aromatic plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Essential Oils, derived from aromatic plants, have long been utilized worldwide for various traditional purposes and hold significant potential for modern clinical application. Their utility extends across multiple fields, including medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, livestock, and the food industry, offering numerous benefits to society. Currently, Essential Oils (EOs) obtained from diverse plant species are the focus of extensive and valuable research. The chemical composition of these EOs varies widely depending on geographical location, botanical origin, genetics, bacterial endophytes, and extraction techniques. Essential Oils (EOs) are obtained from natural plant-based raw materials, through steam distillation, hydrodistillation, or mechanical processes (e.g., cold pressing).

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in our understanding of EOs, particularly the therapeutic properties of their components and their potential as food preservatives, while also elucidating their possible mechanism of action. Moreover, it should provide insight into the various factors affecting their chemical composition, such as the extraction method, the specific part of the plant used, and geographical origin of the source material.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Relationship between Traditional Botanical Knowledge (TBK) and EOs;
  • Chemical characterization and quality control and profiling of EOs and their derivatives;
  • Chemotaxonomy and EOs;
  • Therapeutic uses and EOs;
  • Agricultural practices for the production and quality improvement of EOs;
  • EOs in biotechnology;
  • EOs in nanotechnology and nanomedicine;
  • EOs in cosmetics and food/beverage production;
  • EOs as safe biopesticides.

The submission of studies on Essential Oils (stricto sensu) is encouraged, but manuscripts presenting other extraction methods to obtain volatile compounds from plants (e.g., solvent extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, Soxhlet extraction) will also be critically analyzed and accepted.

Dr. Andrea Maxia
Dr. Emma Cocco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • essential oils (EOs)
  • volatile compounds
  • chemical composition
  • biological activity
  • traditional botanical knowledge

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1972 KiB  
Article
Larvicidal Potential of Trattinnickia Burserifolia Mart. Essential Oil in Controlling the Malaria Vector in the Amazon
by Gisele Guimarães de Oliveira, Stherfany Mac Donald da Silva, Alessandro Pereira de Souza, Leticia Vieira Anchieta da Silva, Anauara Lima e Silva, Ana Cristina Gonçalves Reis de Melo, Rosemary Aparecida Roque, André Correa de Oliveira, Antonio Alves de Melo Filho and Andreimar Martins Soares
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(5), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050604 - 22 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: Among major public health problems, malaria stands out as a tropical disease caused by the Plasmodium protozoan, with mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus serving as its vectors. This disease affects a significant portion of the population, with the highest incidence in the [...] Read more.
Background: Among major public health problems, malaria stands out as a tropical disease caused by the Plasmodium protozoan, with mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus serving as its vectors. This disease affects a significant portion of the population, with the highest incidence in the Legal Amazon, a region responsible for 99% of cases. Although vector control strategies, such as the use of chemical insecticides, are commonly employed, mosquito resistance, environmental impacts, and risks to human health are driving the search for natural alternatives, including the application of essential oils. Objectives: This study investigates the larvicidal activity of Trattinnickia burserifolia Mart. essential oil against Anopheles darlingi. Methods: The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The larvicidal assay followed WHO protocols, testing oil concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 µg mL−1. Results: Efficacy was evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h to determine LC50, LC90, and other parameters. Chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of 40 compounds, primarily terpenes such as tricyclene, β-pinene, limonene, and α-pinene, which possess bioactive properties that contribute to vector control. The larvicidal activity test showed that LC50 decreased with longer exposure times, indica ting increased efficacy over time. After 72 h, the LC50 was 14.51 µg mL−1, classifying the essential oil as highly effective. Conclusions: Therefore, T. burserifolia Mart. essential oil represents a promising natural alternative for malaria vector control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Chemical-Biological Knowledge of Essential Oils)
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21 pages, 5812 KiB  
Article
GC–MS Characterization and Bioactivity Study of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) Essential Oils and Their Fractions: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties and Molecular Docking Modeling
by Abdessamad Ait benlabchir, Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim, Amina Moutawalli, Mohammed M. Alanazi, Asma Halmoune, Fatima Zahra Benkhouili, Asmaa Oubihi, Atul Kabra, Elbatoul Hanoune, Hamza Assila and Zineb Benziane Ouaritini
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(11), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17111552 - 19 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Eucalyptus globulus is a medicinal plant extensively used by the Moroccan population for treating a range of illnesses, especially respiratory conditions. Methods: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of E. globulus essential oil and its individual fractions (F1, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Eucalyptus globulus is a medicinal plant extensively used by the Moroccan population for treating a range of illnesses, especially respiratory conditions. Methods: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of E. globulus essential oil and its individual fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Antioxidant activity was evaluated through iron-reducing power, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Antibacterial activity was tested using disk diffusion and dilution methods, supported by molecular docking studies. Furthermore, GC–MS analysis was conducted on the essential oil and its individual fractions. Results: GC–MS analysis identified the major compounds in the essential oil and its fractions as eucalyptol (62.32–42.60%), globulol (5.9–26.24%), o-cymene (6.89–24.35%), cryptone (7.10–15.95%), terpinen-4-ol (2.43–15.24%), and α-pinene (2.46–7.89%). Fraction F3 displayed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 = 3.329 ± 0.054 mg/mL) and ABTS assays (IC50 = 3.721 ± 0.027 mg/mL), while fraction F2 was most effective in the FRAP assay (IC50 = 1.054 ± 0.008 mg/mL). The essential oil and its fractions also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Molecular docking further corroborated these findings, supporting both antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and its fractions, underscoring the need for further research to confirm their medicinal potential and explore pharmaceutical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Chemical-Biological Knowledge of Essential Oils)
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