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The Development and Application of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2026 | Viewed by 934

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Interests: virology; antiviral; host–virus interaction; drug resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rise of emerging and re-emerging viruses underscores the urgent need for antivirals that can address multiple pathogens. With over 200 viruses causing human disease but approved treatments for only a few, broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs) offer a promising solution. By targeting conserved viral components or essential host factors, BSAs can work across different virus families and support rapid pandemic responses.

Advances in both direct-acting and host-targeted BSAs are encouraging, yet challenges such as resistance, toxicity, and unvalidated mechanisms remain. Continued efforts are needed to optimize targets, efficacy, and safety.

This Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals welcomes original research and reviews on BSAs active against viruses from at least two different species. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Development and optimization of broad-spectrum antivirals;
  • Mechanistic studies and target identification for broad-spectrum antivirals;
  • Preclinical and clinical evaluations of broad-spectrum antiviral agents;
  • Strategies to overcome antiviral resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Such research will contribute our ability to develop effective, broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and improve global preparedness for future viral threats.

Dr. Chieh-Wen Lo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • broad-spectrum antiviral
  • direct-acting antiviral
  • host-targeted antiviral
  • emerging viruses
  • pandemic preparedness

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2321 KB  
Article
Does Coxsackievirus B3 Require Autophagosome Formation for Replication? Evidence for an Autophagosome-Independent Mechanism: Insights into Its Limited Potential as a Therapeutic Target
by Yun Ji Ga and Jung-Yong Yeh
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(12), 1880; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121880 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 318
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a neurotropic enterovirus, is a major causative agent of viral encephalitis and myocarditis, yet no protective vaccine or effective antiviral therapy is currently available. Autophagy plays a dual role in viral infections, acting as both an antiviral defense and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a neurotropic enterovirus, is a major causative agent of viral encephalitis and myocarditis, yet no protective vaccine or effective antiviral therapy is currently available. Autophagy plays a dual role in viral infections, acting as both an antiviral defense and a process that can be exploited by certain viruses. Although CVB3 has been proposed to utilize autophagosomes as replication platforms, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Methods: In this study, we investigated the relationship between CVB3 replication and autophagosome formation under starvation-induced conditions and in ATG5 knockout cells. Results: While nutrient deprivation robustly induced autophagy, CVB3 infection did not trigger autophagosome formation. Moreover, viral replication proceeded efficiently in ATG5-deficient cells lacking autophagosomes. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy using rapamycin, a potent autophagy inducer, did not alter intracellular viral titers or protein expression, although extracellular viral release was modestly reduced. These results indicate that CVB3 replication occurs independently of autophagosome formation, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of autophagy provides limited therapeutic benefit. Conclusions: This study refines our understanding of autophagy as an antiviral target and highlights the need to identify alternative host-directed pathways for antiviral drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development and Application of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs)
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