Treatment and Molecular Mechanisms of Depression

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2026 | Viewed by 1137

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
Interests: psychiatric disorders; psychopharmacology; medicinal plants; active compounds; molecular biology

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Translational Neuropsychobiology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
Interests: neuropsychopharmacology; neuroscience; mental health; psychiatric disorders; active compounds; oxidative stress; zebrafish

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research has been advancing in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in major depressive disorder (MDD), which may be targets for more effective pharmacological strategies. In addition to the neurotransmission mechanisms that have been evidenced for some time, biological mechanisms, such as epigenetics, inflammation, and neuroinflammation, intracellular signaling, genetic polymorphisms, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, among others, have been gaining scientific attention as biological targets for possible new drugs or other therapeutic strategies.

This special issue aims to provide articles addressing molecular biological aspects underlying MDD and new drugs or treatment strategies that may target the molecular mechanisms, constituting more effective approaches for treating MDD and treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Original research articles and reviews are welcome in this special issue. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: studies with neurotransmitters, receptors and their mechanisms of action, epigenetic mechanisms, molecular mechanisms of inflammation and neuroinflammation, genetic polymorphisms, and mechanisms involved in oxidative balance. Studies with new drugs or pharmacological strategies that target the most diverse molecular mechanisms will also be welcome.

Dr. Zuleide Maria Ignácio
Dr. Ricieri Mocelin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • major depressive disorder
  • molecular mechanisms
  • neurotransmitters
  • epigenetic
  • genetic polymorphisms
  • inflammation
  • neuroinflammation
  • pharmacological strategies
  • drugs
  • intracellular signaling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 1238 KB  
Review
Pharmacogenetics and the Response to Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder
by Amanda Gollo Bertollo, Ricieri Mocelin and Zuleide Maria Ignácio
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(9), 1360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18091360 - 11 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Purpose: Genetic polymorphisms within specific genes play a role in both the genetic predisposition to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the variation observed in responses to antidepressant treatments. Pharmacogenetics examines how these polymorphisms affect medication response. This review highlights significant disparities in the [...] Read more.
Purpose: Genetic polymorphisms within specific genes play a role in both the genetic predisposition to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the variation observed in responses to antidepressant treatments. Pharmacogenetics examines how these polymorphisms affect medication response. This review highlights significant disparities in the pharmacogenetic influences on antidepressant response, with a focus on ethnic and sex-based differences. Methods: This review synthesizes findings from a comprehensive literature search conducted between 2000 and 2025. It utilized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using search terms including “pharmacogenetics”, “antidepressants”, “Major Depressive Disorder”, “CYP450”, “neuroplasticity”, and “genetic variations”. This review integrates pharmacogenetics with neurotransmitters and their transporters, neuroplasticity, growth factors, and the cytochrome P450 family, providing promising insights for personalized MDD treatment strategies. We analyzed and synthesized findings from over 50 relevant studies, focusing on those with a clear emphasis on genetic associations with antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. Results: Pharmacogenetic analysis facilitates personalized antidepressant prescriptions by identifying key genetic variants that influence treatment outcomes. Specifically, variations in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 can significantly impact drug metabolism and tolerability. A high percentage of patients with non-normal metabolizer phenotypes are predisposed to adverse drug reactions or ineffective responses. Furthermore, this review identifies significant ethnic and sex-based disparities in treatment response. For example, the L allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism confers a higher likelihood of response and remission following SSRI treatment in white people compared to Asians. Additionally, in women, specific 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms have a more pronounced influence on mood and MDD pathophysiology, with a significant reduction in mood in response to tryptophan depletion. Conclusions: Integrating pharmacogenetic insights, encompassing genetic factors, neurotransmitter pathways, neuroplasticity, and the influence of ethnicity and sex, is crucial for developing personalized antidepressant treatment strategies. This will ultimately optimize patient recovery and minimize adverse effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment and Molecular Mechanisms of Depression)
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