Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Perpetual Challenge

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1208

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: emerging infectious diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) continue to pose a significant and evolving threat to global health, driven by factors such as ecological disruption, climate change, increased international travel, and dense urbanization. The zoonotic origin of many pathogens highlights the importance of integrated One Health surveillance systems that bridge human, animal, and environmental health domains. Recent outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, Zika, and mpox exemplify the rapid pathogen adaptation and transmission dynamics that challenge existing public health infrastructure. Advances in genomic sequencing and bioinformatics enable real-time pathogen tracking and mutation surveillance, critical for outbreak containment and vaccine development. Despite progress in vaccine technology and antiviral therapeutics, disparities in healthcare capacity remain a significant obstacle to global response efforts. Continuous genomic monitoring, interdisciplinary collaboration, and proactive preparedness are essential to anticipate and mitigate future spill over events amid ongoing environmental and societal changes. Strengthening global health systems and fostering international cooperation are imperative to effectively address this perpetual challenge.

Prof. Dr. Vitor Duque
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • emerging infectious diseases
  • zoonosis
  • genomic surveillance
  • global health
  • pandemic preparedness

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 600 KB  
Article
Ceftazidime-Avibactam Regimens for the Treatment of Bacteremic and Non-Bacteremic Episodes of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients
by Fabián Herrera, Diego Torres, María Leone, Maximiliano Gabriel Castro, Jorge López Camelo, Elena Temporiti, Natalin Grippo, Silvia Relloso and Pablo Bonvehí
Pathogens 2025, 14(12), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14121300 - 18 Dec 2025
Viewed by 875
Abstract
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CA) and CA plus aztreonam (ATM) are the preferred treatment options for KPC and MBL carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales infections (CPEis). All episodes of monomicrobial CPEis in immunosuppressed patients (IPs) admitted from May 2019 to November 2024, who received definitive antibiotic therapy (AT) with [...] Read more.
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CA) and CA plus aztreonam (ATM) are the preferred treatment options for KPC and MBL carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales infections (CPEis). All episodes of monomicrobial CPEis in immunosuppressed patients (IPs) admitted from May 2019 to November 2024, who received definitive antibiotic therapy (AT) with CA or CA + ATM for at least 72 h, were prospectively included. Bacteremic episodes (BEs) and non-bacteremic episodes (NBEs) were compared. Logistic regressions adjusted by propensity score were used to identify variables associated with 30-day overall mortality. In total, 82 CPEis were included (38 NBEs and 44 BEs). BEs more frequently occurred in hematological malignancies (52.3% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.0006), while NBEs were more commonly observed in solid organ transplantation (73.7% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.001). K. pneumoniae was the main isolated microorganism; KPC-CPE was the most common resistance mechanism in both groups, followed by MBL-CPE. The 7-day clinical response, 30-day overall and infection-related mortality between NBEs and BEs were 92.1% vs. 88.6%, p = 0.59, 10.5% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.09, and 2.6% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.11. Septic shock, OR 6.5, 95% CI, 1.58–26.72 (p = 0.01), and refractory malignancy, OR 5.6, 95% CI, 1.03–30.14 (p = 0.046), were associated with 30-day mortality, whereas BEs were not, OR 1.5, 95% CI, 0.36–6.2 (p = 0.56). CPEis in both NBE and BE IPs who received definitive AT with CA or CA + ATM correlated with a high rate of 7-day clinical response and low 30-day infection-related mortality. Underlying malignancy and disease severity were associated with 30-day overall mortality. Regional knowledge of bacterial antibiotic resistance enables the implementation of individualized AT to improve patient survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Perpetual Challenge)
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