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Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers...
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Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025)

A special issue of Particles (ISSN 2571-712X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 4310

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Larissa Bravina

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PB 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
Interests: theory of relativistic heavy ion collisions; high energy particle physics; computational physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sonia Kabana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
Interests: experimental particle and nuclear physics at high energy accelerators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Armen Sedrakian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, 50-204 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: nuclear physics; astrophysics of compact stars; quantum condensates; heavy-ion physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will gather works presented at the international conference New Frontiers in Physics, held in 2025, aiming to promote an interdisciplinarity confluence of ideas between different disciplines addressing fundamental physics. The main topics of the Special Issue include particle physics, nuclear physics, heavy ion physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology.

Prof. Dr. Larissa Bravina
Prof. Dr. Sonia Kabana
Prof. Dr. Armen Sedrakian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Particles is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-energy particle physics
  • heavy ion collisions and critical phenomena
  • quantum physics, quantum optics and quantum information
  • cosmology, astrophysics, gravity and mathematical physics

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

18 pages, 11426 KB  
Article
Performance of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Detectors During Run 3 Data-Taking
by Arisa Wada
Particles 2026, 9(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles9010024 - 10 Mar 2026
Viewed by 415
Abstract
With the conclusion of proton–proton collision data-taking in 2025, the ATLAS experiment has now integrated a luminosity exceeding 300 fb−1 during the Run 3 period, which began in July 2022 following Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). During LS2, a series of detector [...] Read more.
With the conclusion of proton–proton collision data-taking in 2025, the ATLAS experiment has now integrated a luminosity exceeding 300 fb−1 during the Run 3 period, which began in July 2022 following Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). During LS2, a series of detector upgrades were implemented, including the installation of the New Small Wheel (NSW) in the innermost stations of the Muon Spectrometer end-caps. The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, the largest muon system ever built at a collider, now comprises both established gaseous detectors—Monitored Drift Tubes, Thin Gap Chambers, and Resistive Plate Chambers—and newer detectors like Micromegas and small-strip TGCs in the NSW. These new systems are now in stable operation following an extensive phase of construction and commissioning, providing enhanced muon tracking and trigger capabilities. This presentation covers the performance of the muon system, focusing on the stability of the established detectors over time, their ability to handle increasing luminosity and associated irradiation levels, and studies on detector aging. Emphasis will be placed on the NSW upgrade, including the strategies adopted for alignment, track reconstruction, and trigger. The performance results presented in this contribution are based on Run 3 data collected up to 2024. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
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12 pages, 2330 KB  
Article
Enhanced Energy Transfer in Resonating Gold Doped Matter Irradiated by Infrared Laser
by Konstantin Zsukovszki and Istvan Papp
Particles 2025, 8(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8040104 - 18 Dec 2025
Viewed by 527
Abstract
Laser-driven ion acceleration in dense, hydrogen-rich media can be significantly enhanced by embedding metallic nanoantennas that support localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances. Using large-scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with the EPOCH code, we investigate how nanoantenna geometry and laser pulse parameters influence proton acceleration [...] Read more.
Laser-driven ion acceleration in dense, hydrogen-rich media can be significantly enhanced by embedding metallic nanoantennas that support localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances. Using large-scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with the EPOCH code, we investigate how nanoantenna geometry and laser pulse parameters influence proton acceleration in gold-doped polymer targets. The study covers dipole, crossed, and advanced 3D-cross antenna configurations under laser intensities of 1017–1019 W/cm2 and pulse durations from 2.5 to 500 fs, corresponding to experimental conditions at the ELI laser facility. Results show that the dipole antennas exhibit resonance-limited proton energies of ~0.12 MeV, with optimal acceleration at the intensities 4 × 1017–1 × 1018 W/cm2 and pulse durations around 100–150 fs. This energy is higher by roughly three orders of magnitude than the proton energy for the same field and same polymer without dopes: ~1–2 × 10−4 MeV. Crossed antennas achieve higher energies (~0.2 MeV) due to dual-mode plasmonic coupling that sustains local fields longer. Advanced 3D and Yagi-like geometries further enhance field localization, yielding proton energies up to 0.4 MeV and larger high-energy proton populations. For dipole antennas, experimental data from ELI exists and our results agree with it. We find that moderate pulses preserve plasmonic resonance for longer and improve energy transfer efficiency, while overly intense pulses disrupt the resonance early. These findings reveal that plasmonic field enhancement and its lifetime govern energy transfer efficiency in laser–matter interaction. Crossed and 3D geometries with optimized spacing enable multimode resonance and sequential proton acceleration, overcoming the saturation limitations of simple dipoles. The results establish clear design principles for tailoring nanoantenna geometry and pulse characteristics to optimize compact, high-energy proton sources for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
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Review

Jump to: Research

17 pages, 437 KB  
Review
A Solution of the Scalar Nonet Mass Puzzle
by Mihail Chizhov, Emanuil Chizhov, Daniela Kirilova and Momchil Naydenov
Particles 2026, 9(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles9020044 - 23 Apr 2026
Viewed by 137
Abstract
We present a short review dedicated to low-lying meson states. We present all meson nonets, which consist from up, down and strange light quarks. We consider the scalar nonet as a basic nonet. We work in the framework of the massless Nambu–Jona-Lasinio [...] Read more.
We present a short review dedicated to low-lying meson states. We present all meson nonets, which consist from up, down and strange light quarks. We consider the scalar nonet as a basic nonet. We work in the framework of the massless Nambu–Jona-Lasinio UR(3)×UL(3) quark model. The collective meson states are described through initially bare quark–antiquark pairs, whose condensates lead simultaneously to spontaneous breaking of the chiral and the flavour symmetry. After quantisation and the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry, when quarks obtain constituent nonzero masses, they become dressed. We present an explanation of the inverse mass hierarchy of the low-lying nonet of the scalar mesons. The proposed explanation is based on symmetry principles. It is shown that, due to the flavour symmetry breaking, two isodoublets of K0*(700) mesons play the role of Goldstone bosons. It is also proven that there exists a solution with almost degenerate masses of the a0(980) and f0(980) mesons and a zero mass of the f0(500) meson. Short description of the physical properties of other meson nonets is provided. In particular unique mass relations among the different nonets, which are experimentally confirmed, are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
13 pages, 4616 KB  
Review
Current Status and Future Prospects of the LHCf Experiment
by Oscar Adriani, Eugenio Berti, Pietro Betti, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Sebastiano Detti, Elena Gensini, Elena Geraci, Maurice Haguenauer, Vlera Hajdini, Cigdem Issever, Yoshitaka Itow, Katsuaki Kasahara, Haruka Kobayashi, Clara Leitgeb, Yutaka Matsubara, Hiroaki Menjo, Yasushi Muraki, Andrea Paccagnella, Paolo Papini, Giuseppe Piparo, Sergio Bruno Ricciarini, Takashi Sako, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Monica Scaringella, Yuki Shimizu, Tadashi Tamura, Alessio Tiberio, Shoji Torii, Alessia Tricomi, Bill Turner and Kenji Yoshidaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Particles 2026, 9(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles9020034 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 466
Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment studies the production of neutral particles in the very forward region of high-energy hadronic collisions at the LHC. These measurements provide essential calibration data for hadronic interaction models used in simulations of extensive air showers initiated [...] Read more.
The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment studies the production of neutral particles in the very forward region of high-energy hadronic collisions at the LHC. These measurements provide essential calibration data for hadronic interaction models used in simulations of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The LHCf experiment measures forward-produced neutral particles, such as neutrons, photons, π0, and η mesons, which play a key role in the development of extensive air showers. Proton–proton collisions at the LHC reach center-of-mass energies up to 13.6 TeV, corresponding in the fixed-target frame to cosmic-ray interactions at energies close to 1017 eV in the Earth’s atmosphere. LHCf has collected data in proton–proton collisions at several energies, as well as in proton–lead collisions, enabling detailed comparisons between experimental results and predictions of hadronic interaction models. This contribution reviews the most significant LHCf results, with emphasis on Run II proton–proton data at s=13TeV, including measurements of forward neutron, photon, and η meson production. Finally, future prospects are discussed, focusing on ongoing analyses of Run III proton–proton data at s=13.6TeV and on the final LHCf operation in proton-oxygen collisions at sNN=9.6TeV, which best reproduces cosmic-ray interactions with nuclei of the Earth’s atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
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8 pages, 522 KB  
Review
Massive Black Hole Formation in Proto-Stellar Clusters via Early Gas Accretion
by Zacharias Roupas
Particles 2026, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles9010018 - 15 Feb 2026
Viewed by 556
Abstract
In this paper, we review our semi-analytic model of stellar black hole (BH) mass growth via gas accretion in gas-rich stellar clusters during their birthstage within the first ∼10Myr after the first stellar formation event. Such proto-stellar clusters are massive and [...] Read more.
In this paper, we review our semi-analytic model of stellar black hole (BH) mass growth via gas accretion in gas-rich stellar clusters during their birthstage within the first ∼10Myr after the first stellar formation event. Such proto-stellar clusters are massive and compact, with typical masses ∼106M⊙ and sizes ∼1pc, as suggested by recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. We find that by the end of the gas depletion process, BH masses are shifted to values within and above the BH mass gap, well within the range of components of the recent gravitational-wave (GW) signal GW231123, and up to masses ∼103M⊙. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
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11 pages, 2599 KB  
Review
Review of the Performance of the CMS Hadron Calorimeter
by Yide Wei and Hui Wang
Particles 2026, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles9010001 - 2 Jan 2026
Viewed by 726
Abstract
The hadron calorimeter is a central component of the CMS detector, vital for measuring hadron energies and reconstructing missing transverse momentum. This paper reviews its performance before and after the Phase 1 upgrade (completed in 2019), which upgraded both back-end and front-end electronics, [...] Read more.
The hadron calorimeter is a central component of the CMS detector, vital for measuring hadron energies and reconstructing missing transverse momentum. This paper reviews its performance before and after the Phase 1 upgrade (completed in 2019), which upgraded both back-end and front-end electronics, including photodetectors and charge-integrating ADC with precise-timing TDC, as well as its depth segmentation in the barrel and endcaps. This paper describes energy reconstruction algorithms that suppress out-of-time signals, along with high-precision timing alignment and multi-step energy calibration procedures to mitigate radiation damage and improve energy resolution Performance evaluations using proton–proton collision data demonstrate that the upgraded detector and reconstruction techniques achieve good resolution and robust operation under high-luminosity conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2025))
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