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Nutrients
Special Issues
Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health
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Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 18858

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kumpei Tokuyama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Interests: human sleep; energy metabolism; sport nutrition; human calorimeter; sport medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Insufficient sleep is associated with a variety of adverse health conditions including the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The physiological basis for the link between sleep and energy metabolism is the fact that the regulation of both sleep and energy metabolism is affected by mechanical factors such as orexin, leptin, insulin, etc.

Studies have shown that one effect of sleep extension is a reduction in energy intake. Most people are monophasic sleepers—they obtain all of their rest in one long sleep episode—and this extended duration of fasting imposes metabolic consequences. In terms of the selection of oxidized substrate assessed by the time course of RQ during sleep, inter-individual differences become apparent during sleep; this might serve as a window to gain insight into the early-stage pathogenesis of metabolic inflexibility. This highlights the possibility that the timing, quality and quantity of meals affect the diurnal rhythm of energy metabolism, sleep quality, and possibly health outcomes.

This Special Issue invites submissions of manuscripts, either original research or reviews, with an emphasis on describing meal timing and sleep quality and their influence on human health (e.g., energy balance, obesity, chronic diseases, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Kumpei Tokuyama
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • indirectcalorimetry during sleep
  • crosstalk between sleep and energy metabolism
  • timing of meals
  • exercise and light exposure
  • metabolic chamber
  • sleep stage
  • thermoregulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 686 KiB  
Review
The Complex Effects of Light on Metabolism in Humans
by Asuka Ishihara, Amber B. Courville and Kong Y. Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061391 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6154
Abstract
Light is an essential part of many life forms. The natural light–dark cycle has been the dominant stimulus for circadian rhythms throughout human evolution. Artificial light has restructured human activity and provided opportunities to extend the day without reliance on natural day–night cycles. [...] Read more.
Light is an essential part of many life forms. The natural light–dark cycle has been the dominant stimulus for circadian rhythms throughout human evolution. Artificial light has restructured human activity and provided opportunities to extend the day without reliance on natural day–night cycles. The increase in light exposure at unwanted times or a reduced dynamic range of light between the daytime and nighttime has introduced negative consequences for human health. Light exposure is closely linked to sleep–wake regulation, activity and eating patterns, body temperature, and energy metabolism. Disruptions to these areas due to light are linked to metabolic abnormalities such as an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Research has revealed that various properties of light influence metabolism. This review will highlight the complex role of light in human physiology, with a specific emphasis on metabolic regulation from the perspective of four main properties of light (intensity, duration, timing of exposure, and wavelength). We also discuss the potential influence of the key circadian hormone melatonin on sleep and metabolic physiology. We explore the relationship between light and metabolism through circadian physiology in various populations to understand the optimal use of light to mitigate short and long-term health consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health)
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Figure 1

17 pages, 371 KiB  
Review
Potential of Polyphenols for Improving Sleep: A Preliminary Results from Review of Human Clinical Trials and Mechanistic Insights
by Masanobu Hibi
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051257 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3117
Abstract
Global epidemiologic evidence supports an interrelationship between sleep disorders and fruits and vegetable ingestion. Polyphenols, a broad group of plant substances, are associated with several biologic processes, including oxidative stress and signaling pathways that regulate the expression of genes promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. [...] Read more.
Global epidemiologic evidence supports an interrelationship between sleep disorders and fruits and vegetable ingestion. Polyphenols, a broad group of plant substances, are associated with several biologic processes, including oxidative stress and signaling pathways that regulate the expression of genes promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Understanding whether and how polyphenol intake is related to sleep may provide avenues to improve sleep and contribute to delaying or preventing the development of chronic disease. This review aims to assess the public health implications of the association between polyphenol intake and sleep and to inform future research. The effects of polyphenol intake, including chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, and catechins, on sleep quality and quantity are discussed to identify polyphenol molecules that may improve sleep. Although some animal studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of polyphenols on sleep, the paucity of trials, especially randomized controlled trials, does not allow for conducting a meta-analysis to reach clear conclusions about the relationships among these studies to support the sleep-improving effects of polyphenols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health)
13 pages, 2389 KiB  
Review
Exercise Timing Matters for Glycogen Metabolism and Accumulated Fat Oxidation over 24 h
by Kaito Iwayama, Jaehoon Seol and Kumpei Tokuyama
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051109 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4859
Abstract
Due to increasingly diverse lifestyles, exercise timings vary between individuals: before breakfast, in the afternoon, or in the evening. The endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, which are associated with metabolic responses to exercise, show diurnal variations. Moreover, physiological responses to exercise differ depending [...] Read more.
Due to increasingly diverse lifestyles, exercise timings vary between individuals: before breakfast, in the afternoon, or in the evening. The endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, which are associated with metabolic responses to exercise, show diurnal variations. Moreover, physiological responses to exercise differ depending on the timing of the exercise. The postabsorptive state is associated with greater fat oxidation during exercise compared to the postprandial state. The increase in energy expenditure persists during the post-exercise period, known as “Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption”. A 24 h evaluation of accumulated energy expenditure and substrate oxidation is required to discuss the role of exercise in weight control. Using a whole-room indirect calorimeter, researchers revealed that exercise performed during the postabsorptive state, but not during the postprandial state, increased accumulated fat oxidation over 24 h. The time course of the carbohydrate pool, as estimated by indirect calorimetry, suggests that glycogen depletion after postabsorptive exercise underlies an increase in accumulated fat oxidation over 24 h. Subsequent studies using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the variations in muscle and liver glycogen caused by postabsorptive or postprandial exercise were consistent with indirect calorimetry data. These findings suggest that postabsorptive exercise alone effectively increases 24 h fat oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1199 KiB  
Review
Meal Timing and Sleeping Energy Metabolism
by Rikako Yoshitake, Insung Park, Hitomi Ogata and Naomi Omi
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030763 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3882
Abstract
There is a physiological link between sleep and eating. Insufficient sleep is a risk factor for overeating and excess body weight gain, and molecules such as orexin and insulin play a role in the control of sleep and energy intake. The effects of [...] Read more.
There is a physiological link between sleep and eating. Insufficient sleep is a risk factor for overeating and excess body weight gain, and molecules such as orexin and insulin play a role in the control of sleep and energy intake. The effects of dietary timing on sleep and energy metabolism were examined in this review. First, we examined sleep energy metabolism and sleep quality under time-restricted eating, including skipping breakfast or dinner. Second, the mechanisms, benefits, and translational potential of the effects of time-restricted diets on sleep were discussed. Time-restricted eating under controlled conditions, in which daily caloric intake was kept constant, affected the time course of energy metabolism but did not affect total energy expenditure over 24 h. In free-living conditions, time-restricted eating for extended durations (4–16 weeks) decreased energy intake and body weight, and the effects of early time-restricted eating were greater than that of midday time-restricted eating. Although assessment of sleep by polysomnographic recording remains to be performed, no negative effects on the subjective quality of sleep have been observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Meal Timing and Sleep Quality to Improve Human Health)
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