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Dietary Strategies for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 10961

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Javier Blanco-Rivero

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Guest Editor

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4. 28029, Madrid (Spain).
Interests: Nitric Oxide; Vasodilation; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Endothelial Dysfunction; Acetylcholine; Nutritional Biochemistry; Gastroenterology; Endothelial Function; Endothelium; Hypertension

Prof. Dr. Fabiano E. Xavier

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Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
Interests: Diabetes; Cardiology; Human Physiology; Physiology; Hypertension; Cardiovascular Medicine; Cardiovascular Physiology; Atherosclerosis; Blood Pressure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome (MtS) is a clinical condition that appears in 25 % of the adult population in the western world, with increased prevalence in advanced ages. In patients with MtS, the accumulation of adipose tissue creates a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative microenvironment that results in chronic subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Different adipokines secreted by adipose tissue can alter the function of multiple vasoactive factors, diminishing their synthesis and/or bioavailability, thereby contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases and, consequently, leading to end-organ damage.

Several approaches have been traditionally used to prevent or reverse the cardiometabolic alterations associated to MtS. In addition to pharmacological therapy, changes in eating habits and lifestyle are undoubtedly the most important non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or reverse MtS. Improved understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and the nutritional interventions can identify potential targets to prevent or minimize the metabolic and vascular dysfunction in MtS.

Given the above, this research topic aims to strengthen the understanding of how a dietary intervention, either by itself or in combination with other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions, can ameliorate and/or reverse the pathophysiological adjustments involved in changes in vascular tone, inflammation, and remodeling in MtS.

Prof. Dr. Javier Blanco-Rivero
Prof. Dr. Fabiano E. Xavier
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Metabolic syndrome
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Insulin resistance
Hypertension
Vascular dysfunction
Nutrition

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Dietary Strategies on Respiratory Quotient and Its Association with Clinical Parameters and Organ Fat Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Ariela Goldenshluger, Keren Constantini, Nir Goldstein, Ilan Shelef, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Hila Zelicha, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Gal Tsaban, Yoash Chassidim and Yftach Gepner

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072230 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4197

Abstract

The relation between changes in respiratory quotient (RQ) following dietary interventions and clinical parameters and body fat pools remains unknown. In this randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate abdominal obesity or/and dyslipidemia (n = 159) were randomly assigned to a Mediterranean/low carbohydrate (MED/LC, n = 80) or a low fat (LF, n = 79) isocaloric weight loss diet and completed a metabolic assessment. Changes in RQ (measured by indirect calorimeter), adipose-tissue pools (MRI), and clinical measurements were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. An elevated RQ at baseline was significantly associated with increased visceral adipose tissue, hepatic fat, higher levels of insulin and homeostatic insulin resistance. After 6 months, body weight had decreased similarly between the diet groups (−6 ± 6 kg). However, the MED/LC diet, which greatly improved metabolic health, decreased RQ significantly more than the LF diet (−0.022 ± 0.007 vs. −0.002 ± 0.008, p = 0.005). Total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with RQ changes (p = 0.045). RQ was positively associated with increased superficial subcutaneous-adipose-tissue but decreased renal sinus, pancreatic, and intramuscular fats after adjusting for confounders. Fasting RQ may reflect differences in metabolic characteristics between subjects affecting their potential individual response to the diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome)

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Review

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42 pages, 4428 KiB

Open AccessReview

Efficacy of Polyphenols in the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Focus on Clinical Studies

by Francis Feldman, Mireille Koudoufio, Yves Desjardins, Schohraya Spahis, Edgard Delvin and Emile Levy

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020672 - 19 Feb 2021

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6225

Abstract

Polyphenols (PLPs), phytochemicals found in a wide range of plant-based foods, have gained extensive attention in view of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and several additional beneficial activities. The health-promoting effects noted in animal models of various non-communicable diseases explain the growing interest in these molecules. In particular, in vitro and animal studies reported an attenuation of lipid disorders in response to PLPs. However, despite promising preclinical investigations, the effectiveness of PLPs in human dyslipidemia (DLP) is less clear and necessitates revision of available literature. Therefore, the present review analyzes the role of PLPs in managing clinical DLP, notably by dissecting their potential in ameliorating lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and alleviating hyperlipidemia, both postprandially and in long-term interventions. To this end, PubMed was used for article search. The search terms included polyphenols, lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and /or HDL-cholesterol. The critical examination of the trials published to date illustrates certain benefits on blood lipids along with co-morbidities in participant’s health status. However, inconsistent results document significant research gaps, potentially owing to study heterogeneity and lack of rigor in establishing PLP bioavailability during supplementation. This underlines the need for further efforts in order to elucidate and support a potential role of PLPs in fighting DLP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome)

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