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Caffeine in Sport and Exercise

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 18614

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Dr. Glen Davison

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Guest Editor

School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime ME4 4AG, UK
Interests: nutrition and immune function; gut health in athletes; exercise and intestinal permeability; exercise and gut damage; ergogenic aids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a long history of caffeine use in sport and exercise. Ergogenic aids are commonly used by athletes and recreational exercises, and caffeine is amongst the most common. It is available from a wide range of sources from purified supplemental form, to energy drinks, and naturally occurring in many foods and beverages such as coffee, tea and cocoa. There are many reported benefits, both physical and cognitive so it is no surprise that caffeine is one of the most widely studied ergogenic aids in sport and exercise and beyond. Despite this, there remains a range of unanswered questions or areas in which our knowledge and understanding can be developed further. This ranges from understanding individual variability in responses, influences of genetics, habitual intake, effects in females vs males, influence on different types of activity, and at different times of the day (to name but a few areas). In addition, the potential benefits or negative effects in other areas that may indirectly influence performance, such as immune function and gut health, are less studied. This Special Issue will include manuscripts that focus on the use and effects of caffeine on all relevant areas of performance or other relevant outcomes in sport and exercise.

Dr. Glen Davison
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

performance
endurance exercise
strength
power
cognitive performance
motivation
ergogenic
dose response
coffee
caffeine-containing foods
training
caffeine in females
genetics and individual differences
genetics
polymorphism
cognitive function
immune function
gut
caffeine responders and non-responders
inter-individual variation in responses to caffeine
influence of habitual caffeine intake

Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement and Caffeine on Bench Press Performance: A Single-Blind Cross-Over Study

by Marek Kruszewski, Maciej Merchelski, Artur Kruszewski, Rafał Tabęcki, Maksim Olegovich Aksenov and Łukasz Pągowski

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091750 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6735

Abstract

The problem addressed in this study is the appropriateness of using different pre-training supplementation strategies and their ability to improve training performance and psychological measures. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) containing beta-alanine, L-citrulline malate, arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, L-taurine, L-tyrosine and caffeine compared to an exact dosage of anhydrous caffeine in bench press strength endurance, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). A group of fifteen resistance-trained males, weighing 83.92 ± 8.95 kg and having an average of 5.6 ± 3.38 years of training experience, tested their bench press 10 repetition maximum (79.01 ± 12.13). In a cross-over manner, they participated in two sessions where they were blinded to the order of supplementation they were given: either a MIPS including caffeine or caffeine alone. They completed the bench press strength endurance test with pre- and post-training psychological assessments containing FS, FAS and sRPE. Bench press repetition volume was greater after anhydrous caffeine than MIPS supplementation with no difference in psychological measures. These results indicate that MIPS supplementation is less ergogenic and cost effective than caffeine alone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Caffeine in Sport and Exercise)

11 pages, 440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Amounts of Common Ingredients Found in Energy Drinks and Shots

by Andrew R. Jagim, Patrick S. Harty, Abdelrahman R. Barakat, Jacob L. Erickson, Victoria Carvalho, Chinguun Khurelbaatar, Clayton L. Camic and Chad M. Kerksick

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020314 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6120

Abstract

Background: Energy drinks are one of the most popular packaged beverage products consumed within the United States (US). Energy drinks are considered a functional beverage, a category that also includes sports drinks and nutraceutical beverages. Purpose: The focus of the current study was to examine the nutrition fact panels of the top selling commercially available energy drink and energy shot products within the US to characterize common ingredient profiles to help establish a standard definition and ingredient profile of energy drinks and energy shots for consumers, health care practitioners, and researchers. Methods: The top 75 commercially available energy drinks and shots were identified and compiled from multiple commercial retail websites as of September 2021. For the purpose of this study, an energy drink must have met the following criteria: (A) marketed as an energy drink; (B) purported to improve energy, focus, or alertness; (C) not sold as a dietary supplement (no supplement fact panels); (D) manufactured as a pre-packaged and ready-to-drink beverage; and (E) contains at least three of (1) caffeine, (2) B-vitamins, (3) sugar, (4) taurine, (5) creatine, (6) quercetin, (7) guarana, (8) ginseng, (9) coenzyme Q10, or (10) branched chain amino acids. Energy shots must have met similar criteria to be included: (A) marketed as an energy shot; (B) purported to improve energy, focus, or alertness; (C) sold as a dietary supplement; (D) manufactured as a pre-packaged beverage with a small volume (<3.5 mL); and (E) contains at least three of the ingredients stated above. Results: Twenty energy shots and fifty-five energy drinks were included in this analysis. The number of ingredients per product (mean ± SD) was 18.2 ± 5.7, with 15 products containing proprietary blends with undisclosed ingredient amounts. The relative prevalence and average amounts of the top ingredients were as follows: caffeine (100%; 174.4 ± 81.1 mg), vitamin B6 (72%; 366.9 ± 648.1 percent daily value (%DV)), vitamin B3 (67%; 121.44 ± 69.9% DV), vitamin B12 (67%; 5244.5 ± 10,474.6% DV), vitamin B5 (37.3%; 113.6 ± 76.6% DV), and taurine (37.3%; amounts undisclosed). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a high prevalence of caffeine and B-vitamins in these energy products, with many of the formulations containing well above the recommended daily value of B-vitamins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Caffeine in Sport and Exercise)

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10 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Acute Effects of Caffeine on Overall Performance in Basketball Players—A Systematic Review

by Anja Lazić, Miodrag Kocić, Nebojša Trajković, Cristian Popa, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga and Johnny Padulo

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1930; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091930 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5175

Abstract

Caffeine supplementation has become increasingly popular among athletes. The benefits of caffeine include delaying the negative effects of fatigue, maintaining a high level of physical and mental performance, and improving certain abilities necessary for sport success. Given the complex nature of basketball, caffeine could be a legal, ergogenic stimulant substance, which will positively affect overall basketball performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on variables related to the basketball performance. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases were searched up to February 2021. Studies that measured the acute effect of caffeine on basketball performance were included and analyzed. Eight studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Pre-exercise caffeine intake increased vertical jump height, running time at 10 and 20 m without the ball, overall basketball performance (number of body impacts, number of free throws, rebounds, and assists) during simulated games, and reduced the time required to perform a basketball-specific agility test. Equivocal results between caffeine and placebo groups were found for aerobic capacity, free throw and three-point accuracy, and dribbling speed. Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion did not affect RPE, but insomnia and urinary excretion were increased. The pre-exercise ingestion of 3 and 6 mg/kg caffeine was found to be effective in increasing several physical performance variables in basketball players during sport-specific testing and simulated matches. However, considering the intermittent nature and complexity of basketball, and individual differences between players, future studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Caffeine in Sport and Exercise)

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