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Cutting-Edge Technologies to Assess Metabolism Modulated by Nutritional States and Exercise

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 2655

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Milano, Italy
Interests: metabolism; exercises; diabetes; diet; biotechnology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advancements in modern technologies, techniques, and methodologies have broadened the scope for studying human metabolism in health, disease, and performance. These tools provide new opportunities to investigate extreme physiological domains, such as sports performance, diverse nutritional states, and metabolic adaptations in health and disease.

This Special Issue seeks to explore the effects of various stimuli—such as brain stimulation, photobiomodulation, thermal modulation, and other interventions—on metabolism. These methods have shown promise in clinical and athletic contexts to optimize performance, recovery, and health outcomes.

The scope of this Issue is as follows:

  1. Pathologies:
  • Metabolic disorders: conditions like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and mitochondrial diseases, where dysregulated metabolism is central to pathology.
  • Obesity and sarcopenia: these represent opposing ends of energy balance and metabolic regulation, often studied in relation to nutritional and exercise interventions.
  1. Physiological Functions:
  • Exploring how varying intensities and types of physical activity can modulate metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels.
  • Thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue activation: mechanisms regulating energy expenditure and heat production.
  • Circadian rhythm and metabolism: the interplay between biological clocks and metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions addressing topics such as nutritional metabolism, immunomodulation, and neuromodulation, as well as emerging areas of research. Manuscripts may include original research, systematic reviews, methodological papers, brief reports, and commentaries.

Dr. Roberto Codella
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exercise metabolism
  • exercise therapy
  • lifestyles
  • periodized nutrition
  • training periodization
  • neuromodulation
  • nutritional interventions
  • photobiomodulation
  • cryostimulation
  • immunometabolism
  • inflammation
  • brown adipose tissue
  • thermogenesis
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • sarcopenia
  • metabolic disorders
  • metabolic syndrome
  • energetics
  • glucose metabolism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1192 KB  
Article
Photobiomodulation Acutely Augments Resting Metabolism in Women with Obesity
by Massimo De Nardi, Silvia Allemano, Marta Buratti, Eva Conti, Luca Filipas, Daniel Gotti, Livio Luzi and Roberto Codella
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3357; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213357 - 25 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive, low-level laser treatment shown to improve insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and obesity-related inflammation. This study examined whether PBM could acutely enhance mitochondrial efficiency and energy metabolism in women with obesity. Methods: In a randomized, crossover [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive, low-level laser treatment shown to improve insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and obesity-related inflammation. This study examined whether PBM could acutely enhance mitochondrial efficiency and energy metabolism in women with obesity. Methods: In a randomized, crossover within-subject design, 16 women with obesity (43 ± 5 years; BMI: 36 ± 4 kg/m2) and 16 sedentary normal-weight women (43 ± 5 years; BMI: 22.7 ± 2 kg/m2) underwent PBM (front and back exposure; red light, 633–660 nm; NIR, 850–940 nm) and a sham stimulation (SHAM), as a control, for 12 min. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed via indirect calorimetry before and after exposure. Secondary measures included skin autofluorescence, heart rate, blood pressure, profile of mood states, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and flexibility. Diet and physical activity were controlled. Results: A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed a significant group × time interaction (F3,60 = 3.054, p = 0.03) and a main effect of time (F1,60 = 10.88, p = 0.001). Women with obesity showed a significant increase in REE post-PBM compared to pre-PBM (+9.3%, 1624 ± 314 vs. 1486 ± 327 kcal/day; p < 0.001), with no change in the respiratory exchange ratio. Additionally, RPE decreased and flexibility improved in both groups following PBM. Front and back skin temperatures increased significantly post-PBM, with greater changes observed in the back versus the front. Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that PBM acutely enhances energy utilization efficiency in women with obesity, increasing resting energy expenditure without modifying substrate oxidation. PBM may represent a promising non-invasive adjunctive strategy for improving the metabolic health of obese individuals. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 604 KB  
Review
Personalized Nutritional Assessment and Intervention for Athletes: A Network Physiology Approach
by Ainhoa Prieto, Maria Antonia Lizarraga and Natàlia Balagué
Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3657; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233657 - 23 Nov 2025
Viewed by 729
Abstract
Nutritional assessment and intervention in athletes, a central focus of sports medicine and healthcare, has increasingly shifted in recent years toward precision nutrition—an approach that individualizes dietary recommendations according to genetic profile, microbiome composition, lifestyle factors, and health status. Despite its promising potential, [...] Read more.
Nutritional assessment and intervention in athletes, a central focus of sports medicine and healthcare, has increasingly shifted in recent years toward precision nutrition—an approach that individualizes dietary recommendations according to genetic profile, microbiome composition, lifestyle factors, and health status. Despite its promising potential, this approach faces significant limitations, including the challenge of integrating complex and dynamic interactions among multilevel indicators, and the relatively high costs associated with omics technologies. The aim of this paper is to propose a nutritional assessment and intervention model grounded in the Network Physiology of Exercise, an emerging scientific field that investigates the horizontal and vertical dynamic interactions among nested physiological levels and conceptualizes athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). The proposal integrates social, environmental, behavioral and psychobiological information, extracted particularly from semi-structured interviews based on CAS properties. Accordingly, the traditional dietary assessment tools are replaced by open and guided interviews that allow professionals and practitioners to co-construct meaningful insights and extract qualitative data through a reflexive thematic analysis. From a CAS perspective, the multidimensional and multi-timescale personal and environmental constrains affecting their eating behavior were integrated through a hierarchically nested organization. Eliciting the dynamics of emotional contexts, behavioral patterns, and psychophysiological states, the interviews become both a method of assessment and an intervention in itself. Full article
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