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Changes in Diet, Physical Activity, and Anthropometric Parameters During Aging: What to Focus On?

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 December 2025 | Viewed by 153

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Post-Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
Interests: aging; gerontology; physical activity; old adults; lifestyle; nutrition; sarcopenia

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Guest Editor
Post-Graduate Program in Colective Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
Interests: aging; gerontology; old adults; aging; lifestyle; chronic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is a natural process driven by unmodifiable (i.e., genetics) and modifiable (i.e., diet, physical activity, smoking) factors. In this context, eating, physical activity and nutritional characteristics play an important role in the prevention of age-related diseases and disabling conditions. Eating is an important habit related to several demographic, social, economic, psychological and health conditions, whereas physical activity is also highly impacted by environmental aspects and public policies. Nutritional status, body composition, fat distribution, and anthropometric measurements, in general, are strongly influenced by both diet and physical activity. Older adults have their food and physical activity habits influenced by conditions inherent to aging such as dysphagia, xerostomia, edentulism, use of multiple medicines, multimorbidity, physical disability for basic or instrumental activities of daily living and several others, which in turn are related to nutritional and body composition modifications during the aging process. Thus, this Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to focusing on how these different parameters impact health during aging and on the understanding of the influence of different conditions on their age-related changes.

Prof. Dr. Renata Moraes Bielemann
Prof. Dr. Eleonora D'Orsi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • physical activity
  • diet
  • nutrition
  • body composition
  • older adults
  • aging
  • anthropometric parameters
  • sarcopenia
  • malnutrition

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1255 KB  
Article
Arachidic Acid-Carrying Phosphatidylglycerol Lipids Statistically Mediate the Relationship Between Central Adiposity and Cognitive Function in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults
by Maria Kadyrov, Luke Whiley, Kirk I. Erickson, Belinda Brown and Elaine Holmes
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3405; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213405 - 29 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Central adiposity is a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and has been linked to lipid dysregulation. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly the role of plasma lipids at the species level, remain poorly understood. This study investigates whether lipids [...] Read more.
Background: Central adiposity is a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and has been linked to lipid dysregulation. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly the role of plasma lipids at the species level, remain poorly understood. This study investigates whether lipids mediate the relationship between central adiposity and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Methods: Ninety-four cognitively normal older adults (n = 94, mean age 69.0 ± 5.0 years, 54% female) were included in this study. Cognitive composite scores were derived from z-standardised neuropsychological assessments, and central adiposity was measured using the waist–hip ratio (WHR). Lipidomic profiling identified 918 lipid species, which were clustered into modules of highly correlated lipids using a Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Modules associated with the WHR and cognition were identified via partial Spearman’s correlation analysis, followed by a mediation analysis. Results: Of the 39 lipid modules identified, 1 enriched with phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids containing an arachidic acid (20:0) sidechain was positively correlated with cognition (ρ = 0.32, FDR p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the WHR (ρ = −0.43, FDR p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that this arachidic acid-carrying PG lipid-enriched module mediated the WHR–cognition relationship, with individual species PG (20:0_16:1), PG (20:0_18:1), and PG (20:0_18:2) also contributing individually. Conclusions: Arachidic acid-carrying PG lipids statistically mediate the WHR–cognition relationship in cognitively unimpaired older adults. These findings suggest that adiposity-related lipid pathways are detectable in cognitively unimpaired older adults and may represent targets for early intervention to preserve cognitive health. Full article
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