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Food as Medicine for Brain and Other Tissues

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2026 | Viewed by 1275

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: precision ketogenic therapy; food as precision medicine; nutritional biochemistry; carnitine function and metabolism; pig model for human metabolism

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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Interests: precision ketogenic therapy; adrenoleukodystrophy; epilepsy in children; metachromatic leukodystrophy; tuberous sclerosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food to treat and prevent disease has been practiced for millennia in most of the world’s cultures. “Let thy food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food” is a quote often attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Hippocrates (400 BC). A century ago, the first papers describing the ketogenic diet as a dietary therapy for epilepsy were published. Many versions of the ketogenic diet designed to prevent and treat seizures and symptoms other than seizures have been published with the assumed mechanism of supplying ketones as an alternate fuel for glucose. The current literature documents many metabolic functions of ketone bodies in addition to being a fuel source. Thus, the mechanism of ketogenic therapy is much more than the supply of an alternate fuel. As with other nutrients, the use of a nutrient in food as medicine has led some investigators to use direct administration of the ketone body nutrient as a chemical drug. Brain tissue is very sensitive to nutrient availability from in utero throughout the lifespan. Brain tissue is also very sensitive to the metabolic products of other tissues comprising the body’s metabolic web.

The objective of this proposed Special Issue on “Food as Medicine for the Brain and Other Tissues” is to publish selected papers studying the clinical role of food containing a complex chemical matrix to prevent and treat neurological symptoms using today’s precision medicine approach and papers investigating the metabolic mechanism of the physiological role of food in maintaining or returning metabolic homeostasis to normal. Papers documenting the role of food intake on the efficacy of other currently used medical therapies and the role of food intake on the metabolism of organs throughout the body that affect brain function are welcome.

Dr. Peggy R. Borum
Dr. Steven Parrish Winesett
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dietary therapies for epilepsy
  • ketogenic diet
  • food is medicine
  • food as precision medicine
  • brain metabolism of macronutrients

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 405 KB  
Article
Role of the Ketogenic Diet Therapy and ACTH as Second Treatments in Drug-Resistant Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome
by Anastasia Dressler, Letizia Bonfanti, Petra Trimmel-Schwahofer, Barbara Porsche, Simona Bertoli and Christoph Male
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132085 - 23 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential treatments with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) in infants with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) who did not achieve seizure freedom after initial treatment with either [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential treatments with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) in infants with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) who did not achieve seizure freedom after initial treatment with either KDT or ACTH. Methods: We conducted a cohort study following a parallel-cohort randomized controlled trial comparing KDT with ACTH as first-line treatment for IESS. Infants who failed to respond were switched per protocol to the alternative treatment (ACTH or KDT) or, if this was not feasible or unsuccessful, to anti-seizure medications (ASMs). The primary outcome was the frequency of sustained seizure freedom at last follow-up. Results: Of 101 infants allocated to the initial treatment phase, N = 67 required further treatment. Of these, 31% (21/67) achieved sustained seizure freedom after the second treatment phase, and 15% (7/46) after rescue treatment with ASMs. KDT as the second treatment achieved sustained seizure freedom in 50% (12/24), compared to 19% (3/16) with ACTH and 9% (2/22) with ASMs. The cumulative response rate after the first and second treatments was 64% for the KDT-ACTH sequence and 68% for the ACTH-KDT sequence. The cumulative response after all three treatment phases was 78% (KDT-ACTH-ASM) and 72% (ACTH-KDT-ASM), respectively. Conclusions: KDT is at least as effective as ACTH as a second treatment and significantly more effective than ASMs in achieving sustained seizure freedom in infants with IESS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food as Medicine for Brain and Other Tissues)
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Review

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19 pages, 1055 KB  
Review
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Decline in Adults with Non-Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
by Maria Inês Barros, Teresa Brandão, Susana Couto Irving, Paula Alves, Filomena Gomes and Marta Correia
Nutrients 2025, 17(18), 3002; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17183002 - 19 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: As global aging accelerates, prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to rise, challenging healthcare systems and diminishing older adults’ quality of life. There is great interest in better understanding the neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids but the results from [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: As global aging accelerates, prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to rise, challenging healthcare systems and diminishing older adults’ quality of life. There is great interest in better understanding the neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids but the results from many published studies in humans come to different conclusions. This review aims to clarify the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for cognitive health and to inform future clinical recommendations within aging populations. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines and a registered PROSPERO protocol, we reviewed systematic reviews (SRs) from 2014 to 2024 assessing exclusive n-3 fatty acid supplementation and cognitive outcomes via MMSE. Data were extracted on intervention details and cognitive scores. Meta-analyses used fixed and random-effects models, with Hedges’ estimating overall impact. Quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and statistical analyses were performed (SPSS 28). Results: A total of nine SRs incorporating 14 RCTs were included, representing 26,881 participants aged 40 years or older. The pooled random-effects meta-analysis showed a statistically significant but modest improvement in MMSE scores (effect size: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.01–0.32). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 42.8%), and no publication bias was detected. Further analyses revealed no significant associations between treatment duration or dosage and cognitive outcomes, suggesting a threshold effect rather than a dose–response relationship. Conclusions: These findings support n3-PUFA supplementation as a complementary approach to lifestyle-based strategies for cognitive health, including diet, physical activity, sleep optimization, and cognitive training. While benefits appear modest, consistent effects across studies warrant further high-quality research and well-designed studies to strengthen clinical recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food as Medicine for Brain and Other Tissues)
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