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Exploring the Role of Bioactive Compounds in Immunonutrition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 713

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive food ingredients are understood as compounds that can enhance, weaken, or modify the body’s physiological and metabolic functions. The effects of such ingredients may be beneficial or unfavorable. The use of research strategies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as access to large amounts of data (e.g., collected in databases) and tools for their processing, provides unprecedented expansion possibilities with regard to knowledge about bioactive food ingredients.

Chronic inflammation is a symptom that accompanies many non-communicable diseases. It seems reasonable to create and use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. It is a known fact that food can influence the body's inflammation through immunomodulation. Various foods or nutritional and bioactive food ingredients may have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is the overall diet that has the greatest impact on the functioning of the body. An anti-inflammatory diet therefore includes both many food components and food products with anti-inflammatory potential, and eliminates or recommends limiting the consumption of pro-inflammatory foods. It is considered particularly important when planning a diet to take into account the large supply of raw materials and plant products. The combination of these strategies allows for a cumulative positive effect of the diet on reducing inflammation in the body and thus reducing the risk of the occurrence or severity of lifestyle diseases.

Prof. Dr. Ewa Piątkowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • plant origin food
  • antioxidants
  • human health
  • non-communicable diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 7376 KiB  
Article
Betulinic Acid Reduces Intestinal Inflammation and Enhances Intestinal Tight Junctions by Modulating the PPAR-γ/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Cells and Organoids
by Xu Zheng, Zhen Cao, Mingqi Wang, Ruqiang Yuan, Yinhe Han, Ang Li and Xiuli Wang
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2052; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132052 - 20 Jun 2025
Viewed by 568
Abstract
Background: Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction is related to multiple gastrointestinal disorders, notably inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Betulinic acid (BA), a compound derived from birch bark, has demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits in IBD. Nevertheless, the impact of BA on IEB function has not [...] Read more.
Background: Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction is related to multiple gastrointestinal disorders, notably inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Betulinic acid (BA), a compound derived from birch bark, has demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits in IBD. Nevertheless, the impact of BA on IEB function has not been fully elucidated. Methods: The current study aimed to explore the potential underlying mechanisms of BA in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD in mice and co-culture models involving Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cell monolayers or mouse intestinal organoids (IOs) in conjunction with macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: In vivo, BA treatment significantly improved body weight and colon length, alleviated disease activity index (DAI) scores, and reduced colonic histopathological injury in IBD mice. In vitro, BA reduced the flux of FITC-dextran; increased the TEER; and decreased the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α while increasing IL-10 mRNA levels. Additionally, BA enhanced IEB formation by upregulating ZO-1, occludin (OCLN), and claudin-1 (CLDN1). Molecular docking studies revealed significant docking scores and interactions between BA and PPAR-γ. Moreover, BA significantly upregulated PPAR-γ protein expression, decreased NF-κB and MLC2 phosphorylation, and reduced MLCK protein expression. However, this effect was reversed by GW9662, an effective PPAR-γ antagonist. Conclusions: The findings reveal that BA mitigates IBD by safeguarding the intestinal barrier against dysfunction. This effect may be attributed to its ability to suppress inflammation and enhance the expression of tight junction proteins by modulating the PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Role of Bioactive Compounds in Immunonutrition)
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