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Nutrients
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Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors
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Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2024) | Viewed by 10804

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zoltan Benyo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on cerebral circulation
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Lionetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Center “Health Science”, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: cardioprotection; perioperative medicine; translational medicine; intercellular communication; ristoceutica
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stefano Tarantini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center, Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA
Interests: hypertension; dietary interventions; high-fat diet; senescence; reactive oxygen species; senolytics; vascular biology; vascular imaging; cerebrovascular circulation; vascular physiology; microcirculation; cognitive aging; cerebral blood flow; laser Doppler flowmetry; mitochondria function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic as well as hemorrhagic strokes and vascular cognitive impairment, are leading global causes of mortality and disability. With increasing life expectancy, the burden on individuals and healthcare systems is set to grow. Emerging research highlights the critical role of nutrition in cerebrovascular health. Diet, an easily modifiable risk factor, offers promise for prevention and treatment. From nutritional supplements to altering food quantity, composition, and timing, dietary interventions hold potential in managing cerebrovascular, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. Time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting have garnered recent interest for their potential to alleviate cerebrovascular disorders by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and enhancing neuroprotection; however, rigorous experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies are needed to establish their effectiveness and mechanisms. We invite original research articles and reviews to advance our understanding of dietary strategies for cerebrovascular health. Contribute to this vital conversation and help shape the future of cerebrovascular disease management. For submission guidelines and more information, visit https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special_issues/VO60H70NOW.

Dr. Zoltan Benyo
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Lionetti
Dr. Stefano Tarantini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cerebrovascular disorders
  • stroke
  • vascular cognitive impairment
  • metabolic diseases
  • time-restricted eating
  • intermittent fasting
  • vitamins
  • phytochemicals
  • oxidative stress
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 490 KiB  
Article
A Combined Extract Derived from Black Sticky Rice and Dill Improves Clinical Symptoms and Ischemic Stroke Biomarkers in Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke Patients
by Kannikar Kongbunkiat, Wipawee Thukham-mee, Somsak Tiamkao, Narongrit Kasemsap, Nisa Vorasoot and Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3946; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223946 - 19 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1103
Abstract
Currently, the adjuvant therapy to optimize the restorative process after stroke is required due to the unsatisfied therapeutic efficacy. A combined extract of black sticky rice and dill showed potential in the preclinical state, so we hypothesized that it could provide clinical benefits. [...] Read more.
Currently, the adjuvant therapy to optimize the restorative process after stroke is required due to the unsatisfied therapeutic efficacy. A combined extract of black sticky rice and dill showed potential in the preclinical state, so we hypothesized that it could provide clinical benefits. A three-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled study was set up to elucidate this issue. Both males and females (18–80 years old) who had experienced transient ischemic attacks or ischemic strokes within the last 5–10 days with an NIHSS score ≤ 7 and received standard treatment were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or capsule containing a combined extract of black sticky rice and dill at a dose of 600 or 1200 mg per day. The safety parameters, movement control, and degree of disability were assessed 1, 2, and 6 weeks after the intervention, and serum stroke biomarkers were assessed at the mentioned time points, except at 2 weeks. After week 1, the high-dose (1200 mg/day) treatment group had improved NIHSSS, VCAM1, and MMP-9. Both S100β and VCAM1 also improved at week 6, while the low-dose treatment group (600 mg/day) only exhibited improved VCAM1. Therefore, a high dose of the developed adjuvant supplement improves stroke recovery by improving motor impairment by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors)
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13 pages, 885 KiB  
Article
Association between Vitamin D and Short-Term Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
by Min-Su Kim, Jin San Lee, Sung Joon Chung and Yunsoo Soh
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4957; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234957 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
Vitamin D (Vit D) affects musculoskeletal performance and central nervous system neuroprotection. We aimed to investigate the association between serum Vit D levels and short-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study involved patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed on [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (Vit D) affects musculoskeletal performance and central nervous system neuroprotection. We aimed to investigate the association between serum Vit D levels and short-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study involved patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed on brain MRI. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess initial stroke severity upon admission. We evaluated the functional outcomes using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Manual Function Test (MFT), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) within three weeks from the onset of stroke, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge. Overall, 192 patients were finally included and divided into three groups: Vit D sufficient (n = 28), insufficient (n = 49), and deficient (n = 115). Multivariate analysis showed that the Vit D deficient group presented with a higher risk of initially severe stroke (p = 0.025) and poor functional outcomes on the BBS (p = 0.048), MFT (p = 0.017), K-MMSE (p = 0.001), K-MBI (p = 0.003), and mRS (p = 0.032) compared to the Vit D sufficient group. Vit D deficiency may be associated with severe initial stroke and poor short-term post-stroke functional outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors)
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Review

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45 pages, 9570 KiB  
Review
Much More than Nutrients: The Protective Effects of Nutraceuticals on the Blood–Brain Barrier in Diseases
by Anna E. Kocsis, Nóra Kucsápszky, Ana Raquel Santa-Maria, Attila Hunyadi, Mária A. Deli and Fruzsina R. Walter
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050766 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1296
Abstract
The dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is well described in several diseases, and is considered a pathological factor in many neurological disorders. This review summarizes the most important groups of natural compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanidines, carotenoids, lipids, and vitamins that were [...] Read more.
The dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is well described in several diseases, and is considered a pathological factor in many neurological disorders. This review summarizes the most important groups of natural compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanidines, carotenoids, lipids, and vitamins that were investigated for their potential protective effects on brain endothelium. The brain penetration of these compounds and their interaction with BBB efflux transporters and solute carriers are discussed. The cerebrovascular endothelium is considered a therapeutic target for natural compounds in diseases. In preclinical studies modeling systemic and central nervous system diseases, nutraceuticals exerted beneficial effects on the BBB. In vivo, they decreased BBB permeability, brain edema, astrocyte swelling, and morphological changes in the vessel structure and basal lamina. At the level of brain endothelial cells, nutraceuticals increased cell survival and decreased apoptosis. From the general endothelial functions, decreased angiogenesis and increased levels of vasodilating agents were demonstrated. From the BBB functions, elevated barrier integrity by tightened intercellular junctions, and increased expression and activity of BBB transporters, such as efflux pumps, solute carriers, and metabolic enzymes, were shown. Nutraceuticals enhanced the antioxidative defense and exerted anti-inflammatory effects at the BBB. The most important signaling changes mediating the increased cell survival and BBB stability were the activation of the WNT, PI3K-AKT, and NRF2 pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK, JNK, ERK, and NF-κB pathways. Nutraceuticals represent a valuable source of new potentially therapeutic molecules to treat brain diseases by protecting the BBB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors)
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30 pages, 568 KiB  
Review
The Role of Methionine-Rich Diet in Unhealthy Cerebrovascular and Brain Aging: Mechanisms and Implications for Cognitive Impairment
by Anna Ungvari, Rafal Gulej, Boglarka Csik, Peter Mukli, Sharon Negri, Stefano Tarantini, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Zoltan Benyo, Anna Csiszar and Zoltan Ungvari
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4662; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214662 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5354
Abstract
As aging societies in the western world face a growing prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), understanding their underlying causes and associated risk factors becomes increasingly critical. A salient concern in the western dietary context is the high consumption of [...] Read more.
As aging societies in the western world face a growing prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), understanding their underlying causes and associated risk factors becomes increasingly critical. A salient concern in the western dietary context is the high consumption of methionine-rich foods such as red meat. The present review delves into the impact of this methionine-heavy diet and the resultant hyperhomocysteinemia on accelerated cerebrovascular and brain aging, emphasizing their potential roles in cognitive impairment. Through a comprehensive exploration of existing evidence, a link between high methionine intake and hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated epigenetic aging is drawn. Moreover, the microvascular determinants of cognitive deterioration, including endothelial dysfunction, reduced cerebral blood flow, microvascular rarefaction, impaired neurovascular coupling, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, are explored. The mechanisms by which excessive methionine consumption and hyperhomocysteinemia might drive cerebromicrovascular and brain aging processes are elucidated. By presenting an intricate understanding of the relationships among methionine-rich diets, hyperhomocysteinemia, cerebrovascular and brain aging, and cognitive impairment, avenues for future research and potential therapeutic interventions are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies for Cerebrovascular Health: Prevention, Treatment, and Risk Factors)
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