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New Avenues for Dietary Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Its Complications

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 9929

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile, Sciences (DINOGMI), Department of Excellence of MIUR, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Interests: pathology; kidney; diabetic nephropathy; dietary intervention for diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adjustment of dietary habits is the mainstay approach to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, which with its allied conditions, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, constitutes the major health problem in the western society, both in terms of patient’s quality and expectancy of life and of costs for the health care system. Hyperglycemia can be reduced in most cases by a combined program of dieting, weight loss and a step-up in physical activity, which should match the patient’s attitudes and preferences. Furthermore, in subjects at high risk of diabetes on account of obesity and the metabolic syndrome this combined program can effectively prevent the diabetes onset.

Nutrients with possible distinctive effects to prevent type 2 diabetes and its micro and macro vascular complications have been extensively studied in the last decade with a view to producing a consensual best-practice protocol. Several authors have supported the favorable effects of nutraceuticals, more often those of plant origin. Compliance with the new regimen could be enhanced if functional foods and supplements are suggested, for they are often preferred by many patients because of their naturopathic connotation. Not surprisingly, scientific interest in these foods has often been prompted by folk medicine beliefs and ethnic fare preferences.

Dr. Carlo M. Pesce
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutraceuticals
  • diet
  • diabetes mellitus
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2144 KiB  
Article
Gait Analysis, Metabolic Parameters and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Compared with Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study
by Dimitris Efthymiou, Niki Katsiki, Dimitrios Xipolias Zekakos, Panagiotis Vassiliadis, Alexandros Petrelis and Emilia Vassilopoulou
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153421 - 2 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Background and purpose: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with an increased risk of injuries while walking, potentially leading to plantar ulcers. We aimed to assess the early gait changes in T2DM patients without [...] Read more.
Background and purpose: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with an increased risk of injuries while walking, potentially leading to plantar ulcers. We aimed to assess the early gait changes in T2DM patients without clinical signs of DPN in comparison to age-matched healthy controls (HC). Subjects and Methods: One hundred T2DM patients (78 women, mean age: 66.4 ± 11.5 years) and 50 age-matched HC (34 women, mean age 62.1 ± 7.9 years) were evaluated with the PODOSmart® gait analysis device. Anthropometric and biochemical data, as well as dietary habits were collected for all participants. T2DM patients also completed the Diabetes Distress (DS) self-report validated questionnaire. Results: One patient was excluded from the study due to lack of recent biochemical data. Among the T2DM patients, 88.9% reported little or no DS and 11.1% moderate DS. The T2DM group had higher body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c, sodium, white blood cell count, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than HC (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The MedDiet score was satisfactory in both groups (p > 0.05). Significant differences were found between the two study groups in gaitline heel off, propulsion speed, foot progression angle, time taligrade phase, stride length, walking speed, angle attack, oscillation speed, pronation-supination toe off and clearance. Conclusions: The T2DM patients without self-reported DS or clinical signs of DPN may exhibit significant differences in several gait parameters analyzed with PODOSmart®. Whether gait analysis can be used as an early diagnostic tool of T2DM complications should be further explored. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 395 KiB  
Review
Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence
by Raedeh Basiri, Blessing Seidu and Lawrence J. Cheskin
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3929; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183929 - 10 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7308
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals [...] Read more.
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other. Nutrition plays an important role in both diabetes and mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. Deficiencies in specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc, chromium, magnesium, and selenium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and mental disorders. While the impact of nutrition on the progression and control of diabetes and mental disorders is broadly acknowledged, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the implications of distinct nutrients in preventing and mitigating symptoms of both conditions when they coexist. The aim of this study was to examine the role of nutrition in improving glucose homeostasis and promoting mental well-being among individuals with diabetes. Further, we evaluated the preventive or delaying effects of key nutrients on the simultaneous manifestation of these conditions when one of them is present. Our findings indicated that the use of personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutrient supplementation can improve metabolic and mental health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Full article
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