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The Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds on Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2024) | Viewed by 2100

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: immune system; macrophages; microglia; inflammation; cytokines; chemokines, Alzheimer's disease (AD); atherosclerosis; diet as non-pharmacological treatment for chronic degenerative diseases; ketogenic diet
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Much interest has been focused on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of plant-derived bioactive molecules. These factors show their synergistic activity and have been described to complement therapeutic drugs, lowering very often the side effects, increasing in this way the compliance of patients. Cytokines and chemokines released by innate immunity cells play a central role in the development and progression of several very widespread diseases, including cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. The immune system responds to exogenous and endogenous stresses, and particular importance is provided to the interaction with microbiota, which has the ability to polarize the cells of the immune system towards a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the most updated information on new experimental results and literature reviews on the properties displayed by bioactive molecules capable of influencing the course of many important diseases, targeting different parts of our body.

Ageing, the main condition behind a broad spectrum of chronic disorders that are factors inducing AD, PD, depression, and a lower quality of life in the older age and elderly groups. Personalized medicine, pre- and probiotics, and modern technologies are designed to counteract the negative effects of the ageing condition through focus upon anti-inflammatory and autophagy to redress the homeostatic balance at cellular and tissue sites in cell culture studies. Probiotic preparations, such as yeasts or bacteria, may mimic the effects of the tenet, 'exercising more, eating less', whereas other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists and epigeneticists may contribute to improving 'health span' and ‘longevity’ among the aged people.

This Special Issue of Nutrients entitled “The Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds on Immune and Inflammation-Related Diseases” welcomes original research articles and literature reviews on this important topic.

Dr. Rita Businaro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • nutraceuticals
  • microbiota
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • cytokines
  • chemokines
  • chronic degenerative diseases
  • ageing
  • inflammageing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 721 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Elderberries on Dry Eye Disease (DED) and Immunity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Kok Ming Goh, Eugenie Sin Sing Tan, Crystale Siew Ying Lim, Pui Yee Tan, Sayantan Biswas, Li Ann Lew and Chung Keat Tan
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4366; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244366 - 18 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) significantly impairs quality of life, affecting physical, social, and psychological well-being, as well as reducing workplace productivity. While lutein and zeaxanthin supplements have been shown to improve ocular health, existing research often overlooks the efficacy of lower dosages [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) significantly impairs quality of life, affecting physical, social, and psychological well-being, as well as reducing workplace productivity. While lutein and zeaxanthin supplements have been shown to improve ocular health, existing research often overlooks the efficacy of lower dosages and shorter durations of supplementation. This study investigated the effects of combined supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin, and elderberries in 110 voluntary participants through a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Participants took 6 mg of lutein and 1 mg of zeaxanthin, along with 100 mg elderberry extract once daily for a duration of 20 days. Ocular health was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), while immune status was evaluated with the Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ). Results: Results showed that combined supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the OSDI scores in the intervention group from 38.15 ± 11.14 to 18.26 ± 5.57, reflecting a 52.2% reduction. A similar trend was observed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), indicating significant (p < 0.05) improvement from 5.31 ± 1.62 to 6.73 ± 1.74, equivalent to a 26.7% improvement. Although the intervention group showed a 15.9% improvement in ISQ scores by the study’s end, this was not significantly different from the placebo group, suggesting that higher dosages or longer durations may be needed to observe a meaningful effect. Additionally, findings from the Food Frequency Questionnaire revealed that the average dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin among participants was only 663.49 µg, equating to just 5.5% of the suggested optimal daily intake. This low consumption is concerning, as it is inversely correlated with the risk of ocular diseases. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings support the use of combined supplementation as an adjuvant approach to improving ocular health. Full article
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