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Increasing Dietary Fibre for Improving Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 1004

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
Interests: functional foods; rat models of chronic human diseases; obesity; hypertension; diabetes; osteoarthritis; anthocyanins; polyphenols; prebiotics; microalgae; macroalgae; tropical fruits
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Functional foods are defined by their actions to prevent or reverse human disease states. Small molecules present in foods, such as anthocyanins and polyphenols, have been widely discussed for their potential to improve health. Plants are also the major source of dietary fibre. However, the dietary fibre intake in Europe and the USA is estimated at around 30% lower than the recommendations, possibly due to an increased intake of highly processed foods. This Special Issue will examine whether dietary fibre fits the definition of a functional food, whether an increased intake is feasible and cost-effective, and whether an increased intake could decrease chronic health disorders with minimal adverse effects. Furthermore, this Issue will examine whether an increased fibre intake is necessary to promote healthy ageing.

Prof. Dr. Lindsay Brown
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • prebiotics
  • dietary fibre
  • gut microbiota
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • CNS disease
  • liver disease
  • cancer
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2947 KiB  
Article
Dietary Fibre Modulates Body Composition, Blood Glucose, Inflammation, Microbiome, and Metabolome in a Murine Model of Periodontitis
by Thilini Jayasinghe, Josie Jenkins, Nidhi Medara, Phannaphat Choowong, Gangani Dharmarathne, Fay Kong, Hanna Cho, Se Hun Kim, Yuchen Zhang, Ricardo Franco-Duarte, Joerg Eberhard and Axel Spahr
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071146 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Background: Dietary fibre plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, inflammation, and microbiome composition. However, its impact on systemic and oral health, particularly in periodontitis, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of high- and low-fibre diets on body composition, glycaemic control, inflammation, [...] Read more.
Background: Dietary fibre plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, inflammation, and microbiome composition. However, its impact on systemic and oral health, particularly in periodontitis, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of high- and low-fibre diets on body composition, glycaemic control, inflammation, microbiome, and metabolome in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Methods: Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomised to a high-fibre (40% fibre) or low-fibre (5% fibre) diet for eight weeks. Body weight, fat mass, lean mass, fasting blood glucose, serum inflammatory markers, alveolar bone loss, and root length were assessed. Oral and faecal microbiome composition was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolomic and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Mice on the high-fibre diet exhibited significantly lower body weight (p < 0.0001), fat mass (p = 0.0007), and lean mass (p < 0.0001) compared to the low-fibre group. Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the high-fibre group (p = 0.0013). TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly elevated in the low-fibre group (p < 0.0001), suggesting a heightened pro-inflammatory state. While alveolar bone loss and root length did not differ significantly, microbiome analysis revealed distinct bacterial compositions (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05), with fibre-fermenting taxa enriched in high-fibre-fed mice. Metabolomic analysis identified 19 significantly altered metabolites, indicating dietary adaptations. Conclusions: A high-fibre diet improves glycaemic control, reduces systemic inflammation, and alters microbial and metabolic profiles in experimental periodontitis. These findings highlight dietary fibre’s role in modulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways relevant to periodontal and systemic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Increasing Dietary Fibre for Improving Human Health)
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