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Personalized Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, Metabolic Syndrome and Related Comorbidities

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 3828

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
Interests: gut microbiome; bioactive compounds, nutrition; cardiometabolic health; metabolic disorders; microbiome-host interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inter-individual variability in response to therapeutic interventions, whether nutritional or pharmacological, is a critical factor in determining health outcomes. This variability is especially pronounced in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex and multifactorial condition characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors: central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The complexity of these interrelated factors makes the study of MetS challenging and proactive identification and intervention strategies are therefore required. The gut microbiome has been associated with the pathogenesis and development of MetS and related comorbidities, either as a causal agent or as a consequence of metabolic dysregulation, and its active role and impact on human health are well established. A particularly relevant aspect is the bidirectional interaction between dietary compounds and the gut microbiome, which can yield benefits for both the host and the microbiome itself, as seen with dietary bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, fiber, carotenoids and glucosinolates. Dietary interventions are essential in the prevention and management of MetS and its associated comorbidities, and the three-way interaction between the gut microbiome, diet, and health is crucial for advancing the treatment and management of MetS. By tailoring dietary strategies to the unique characteristics of each individual, personalized nutrition aims to optimize therapeutic outcomes and mitigate disease progression, providing a framework for developing targeted interventions that address the underlying mechanisms of MetS.

This Special Issue aims to advance the field by exploring cutting-edge research and advancements in personalized nutrition strategies that target the gut microbiome to prevent and manage MetS and its related comorbidities. We welcome the submission of manuscripts that present original research or comprehensive reviews, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, that investigate the role of dietary interventions, nutrigenomics, and microbiome-targeted therapies in modulating metabolic health, especially in the context of MetS and its associated comorbidities. The scope of this Special Issue includes the effects of nutrients, dietary bioactive compounds, dietary patterns, and interventions involving probiotics, prebiotics or postbiotics, and it will focus on the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome mediates these effects, with attention to interindividual variability; this will enhance our understanding of their impact on metabolic health.

Dr. Adrián Cortés-Martín
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • gut microbiome
  • personalized nutrition
  • precision nutrition
  • gut microbiota
  • non-communicable diseases
  • diet
  • health
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • dyslipidemia
  • hypertension
  • bioactive compounds
  • nutrigenomics
  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • postbiotics
  • dietary intervention
  • insulin resistance
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic health
  • dietary fibres
  • phenolic compounds
  • chronic diseases
  • microbiota-host interactions
  • diet-microbiome interactions

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2808 KiB  
Article
Sex-Dependent Gut Microbiota Features and Functional Signatures in Metabolic Disfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
by Paola Mogna-Peláez, José I. Riezu-Boj, Fermin I. Milagro, Iñigo Clemente-Larramendi, Sergio Esteban Echeverría, José I. Herrero, Mariana Elorz, Alberto Benito-Boillos, Ana Luz Tobaruela-Resola, Pedro González-Muniesa, Josep A. Tur, J. Alfredo Martínez, Itziar Abete and M. Angeles Zulet
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234198 - 4 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1348
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the gut microbiota’s role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on microbial and functional signatures and sex-based differences. Methods: Using baseline data from 98 MASLD patients and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the gut microbiota’s role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on microbial and functional signatures and sex-based differences. Methods: Using baseline data from 98 MASLD patients and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study, the gut microbiota was profiled with 16S gene sequencing, followed by statistical and machine learning analyses to identify disease-associated microbial signatures. Results: Notable alpha and beta diversity differences were observed between MASLD patients and the controls, varying by sex. Machine learning models highlighted specific microbial signatures for each sex, achieving high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.91 for women and 0.72 for men). The key microbial taxa linked to MASLD included Christensenella and Limosilactobacillus in women and Beduinibacterium and Anaerotruncus in men. Functional profiling showed that MASLD patients had increased pathways for amine biosynthesis and amino acid degradation, while the controls exhibited enhanced fermentation pathways. These microbial features were associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolite production linked to gut dysbiosis. Conclusions: The findings support the potential of gut microbiota signatures to be used as non-invasive indicators of MASLD and highlight sex-specific variations that could inform personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 1855 KiB  
Review
Back to Roots: Dysbiosis, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea—Is There an Objective Connection? A Narrative Review
by Diana Cristina Protasiewicz-Timofticiuc, Diana Bădescu, Maria Moța, Adela Gabriela Ștefan, Adina Mitrea, Diana Clenciu, Ion Cristian Efrem, Maria Magdalena Roșu, Beatrice Elena Vladu, Theodora Claudia Gheonea, Eugen Moța and Ionela Mihaela Vladu
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4057; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234057 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1584
Abstract
In recent decades, it has become clear that the gut is more than just a digestive organ; it also functions as an immune organ with regulatory capabilities and acts as a “second brain” that influences brain function due to the presence and regulatory [...] Read more.
In recent decades, it has become clear that the gut is more than just a digestive organ; it also functions as an immune organ with regulatory capabilities and acts as a “second brain” that influences brain function due to the presence and regulatory roles of the gut microbiota (GM). The GM is a crucial component of its host and significantly impacts human health. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, has been closely linked to various diseases, including gastrointestinal, neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the roles of the GM in maintaining metabolic health. Sleep is a vital biological necessity, with living organisms having evolved an internal sleep–wake rhythm that aligns with a roughly 24 h light/dark cycle, and this is known as the circadian rhythm. This cycle is essential for tissue repair, restoration, and overall optimal body functioning. Sleep irregularities have become more prevalent in modern society, with fast-paced lifestyles often disrupting normal sleep patterns. Urban living factors, such as fast food consumption, shift work, exposure to artificial light and nighttime noise, medications, and social activities, can adversely affect circadian rhythms, with dysbiosis being one of the many factors incriminated in the etiology of sleep disorders. Full article
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