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DASH Diet and Human Health

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2019) | Viewed by 30510

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Prof. Dr. Marie Kuczmarski

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Guest Editor

Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Interests: Dietary patterns; diet quality; nutritional biomarkers; aging; longitudinal studies; flavanoids; inflammation; nutritional status

Dr. May A. Beydoun

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Guest Editor

Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, USA
Interests: dietary patterns; dietary behavior; nutritional biomarkers; health disparities; cognitive aging; obesity; metabolic syndrome; depression; inflammation; longitudinal studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The National Institutes of Health-developed DASH—Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet—is considered one of the best healthful eating plans. Findings from several research studies have provided evidence that this low-sodium diet has the potential to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol.

Therefore, this Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “DASH Diet and Human Health”, has been developed to compile contemporary research on this important topic. We invite you and your collaborators to consider submission of your original research, protocol development and methodological studies, narrative or systematic reviews and meta-analyses. To better understand these complex relationships, we welcome all types of study designs in various populations, including large observational epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, clinical and field trials, and qualitative investigations.

Potential topics may include, but are not limited to, the associations of the DASH diet with weight loss, metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, longevity, age-associated health outcomes, and epigenetic age acceleration.

Prof. Marie Kuczmarski
Dr. May A. Beydoun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

DASH diet
hypertension
adolescence, adulthood
obesity, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease
diet quality
gene expression

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet on Metabolic Syndrome in Hospitalized Schizophrenic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Tamara Sorić, Mladen Mavar and Ivana Rumbak

Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2950; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122950 - 4 Dec 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4812

Abstract

The relationship between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with schizophrenia is unknown and remains to be investigated. Therefore, we have conducted a three-month parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Sixty-seven hospitalized schizophrenic patients with MetS [n = 33 in the intervention group (IG) and n = 34 in the control group (CG)] completed the intervention. The IG followed the DASH diet with the caloric restriction of approximately 1673.6 kJ/day (400 kcal/day) when compared to the standard hospital diet followed by the CG. Simultaneously, both groups participated in a nutrition counseling program. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters and blood pressure were measured at the baseline and after three months, while nutrient intakes during the intervention were assessed using three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The analyses were carried out based on the per-protocol approach. At three months, the MetS prevalence significantly decreased in both the IG and the CG (75.8%, p = 0.002, and 67.7%, p = 0.0003, respectively; odds ratio = 0.9; 95% confidence interval = 0.43–1.87). No significant differences in the prevalence of MetS and its features were found between the groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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15 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of DASH and Depressive Symptoms with BMI over Adulthood in Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Adults Examined in the HANDLS Study

by Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski, Sharmin Hossain, May A. Beydoun, Ana Maldonando, Michele K. Evans and Alan B. Zonderman

Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2934; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122934 - 3 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2733

Abstract

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is linked to slower weight gain over time. Elevated depressive symptoms may lead to poor quality diets, potentially increasing Body Mass Index (BMI). This study explored these pathways using longitudinal data extracted from 1201–1458 Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study participants. DASH mean score was computed using four 24 h recalls [visits(v)1 + v2/2: 2004–2013] and depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (v1 + v2/2: 2004–2013). BMI was measured at v2: 2009–2013 and v3: 2013–2017. Multiple linear mixed regression and mediation modeling were conducted, linking CES-D_(mean) and DASH_(mean) to BMI [v2 and annualized change ΔBMI (v3-v2)] and exploring mediation of the CES-D_(mean)–BMI_(v3) and DASH_(mean)–BMI_(v3) associations through DASH_(mean) and CES-D_(mean), respectively. Models were further stratified by sex, race and poverty status. Inverse cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of DASH_(mean) with BMI_(v2) and ΔBMI were detected, mainly in women and <125% of poverty participants. CES-D_(mean) was not associated with BMI_(v3); no mediation was detected through DASH_(mean) in all socio-demographic strata. Moreover, the inverse DASH_(mean)–BMI_(v3) total effect was not mediated through CES-D_(mean). Future studies should explore other pathways aside from depressive symptoms by which DASH can have a preventive effect on weight status over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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18 pages, 642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deriving the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Score in Women from Seven Pregnancy Cohorts from the European ALPHABET Consortium

by Adrien M. Aubert, Anne Forhan, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Ling-Wei Chen, Kinga Polanska, Wojciech Hanke, Agnieszka Jankowska, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Liesbeth Duijts, Matthew Suderman, Caroline L. Relton, Sarah R. Crozier, Nicholas C. Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, Cecily C. Kelleher, Catherine M. Phillips, Barbara Heude and Jonathan Y. Bernard

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112706 - 8 Nov 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6514

Abstract

The ALPHABET consortium aims to examine the interplays between maternal diet quality, epigenetics and offspring health in seven pregnancy/birth cohorts from five European countries. We aimed to use the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score to assess diet quality, but different versions have been published. To derive a single DASH score allowing cross-country, cross-cohort and cross-period comparison and limiting data heterogeneity within the ALPHABET consortium, we harmonised food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data collected before and during pregnancy in ≥26,500 women. Although FFQs differed strongly in length and content, we derived a consortium DASH score composed of eight food components by combining the prescriptive original DASH and the DASH described by Fung et al. Statistical issues tied to the nature of the FFQs led us to re-classify two food groups (grains and dairy products). Most DASH food components exhibited pronounced between-cohort variability, including non-full-fat dairy products (median intake ranging from 0.1 to 2.2 servings/day), sugar-sweetened beverages/sweets/added sugars (0.3–1.7 servings/day), fruits (1.1–3.1 servings/day), and vegetables (1.5–3.6 servings/day). We successfully developed a harmonized DASH score adapted to all cohorts being part of the ALPHABET consortium. This methodological work may benefit other research teams in adapting the DASH to their study’s specificities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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27 pages, 416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Longitudinal Associations between Monetary Value of the Diet, DASH Diet Score and the Allostatic Load among Middle-Aged Urban Adults

by May A. Beydoun, Amelie Nkodo, Marie T. Fanelli-Kuczmarski, Ana I. Maldonado, Hind A. Beydoun, Barry M. Popkin, Michele K. Evans and Alan B. Zonderman

Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2360; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102360 - 3 Oct 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3494

Abstract

Lower cost can lead to poorer-quality diets, potentially worsening metabolic profiles. We explored these pathways among urban adults. Longitudinal data were extracted from 1224–1479 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. DASH_(mean) (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score was computed using four 24 h recalls (v1/v2: 2004–2013) linked with a national food price database to estimate monetary value of the diet [MVD_(mean)]. Allostatic load (AL) was measured at visits 2 (v2) and 3 (v3) in 2009–2018. Mixed-effects regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted, linking MVD_(mean)/DASH_(mean) to AL [v2 and annual change(v3–v2)] and exploring mediating pathways between MVD_(mean) and AL_(v3) through DASH_(mean), stratifying by sex, race and poverty status. MVD_(mean) tertiles were linearly associated with contemporaneous DASH_(mean), after energy adjustment. In mixed-effects regression models, DASH_(mean) was consistently linked to lower AL_(v2). DASH_(mean) and MVD_(mean) were positively associated with higher serum albumin_(v2). In SEM, MVD_(mean) was linked to AL_(v3) through DASH_(mean), mainly among Whites and specifically for the cholesterol and Waist-Hip-Ratio AL components. In summary, energy and other covariate-adjusted increase in MVD may have a sizeable impact on DASH which can reduce follow-up AL among urban White middle-aged adults. More studies are needed to replicate findings in comparable samples of urban adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

23 pages, 421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediating-Moderating Effect of Allostatic Load on the Association between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

by Hind A. Beydoun, Shuyan Huang, May A. Beydoun, Sharmin Hossain and Alan B. Zonderman

Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2311; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102311 - 29 Sep 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3791

Abstract

This secondary analysis of survey data examined mediating-moderating effects of allostatic load score (calculated using the Rodriquez method) on the association between nutrient-based Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score (Mellen Index) and the all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks among 11,630 adults ≥ 30 years of age from the 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys with no history of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline, and who were followed-up for ~9.35 years. Multivariable models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. All-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer-specific mortality rates were estimated at 6.5%, 1.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. The median DASH total score was 3.0 (range: 1–8) (with 78.3% scoring < 4.5), whereas the median allostatic load score was 3 (range: 0–9). The DASH diet, fiber, and magnesium were negatively correlated with allostatic load, whereas allostatic load predicted higher all-cause mortality, irrespective of the DASH diet. Whereas protein was protective, potassium increased all-cause mortality risk, irrespective of allostatic load. Potassium was protective against cardiovascular disease-specific mortality but was a risk factor for cancer-specific mortality. Although no moderating effects were observed, mediation by the allostatic load on cardiovascular disease-specific mortality was observed for DASH total score and selected component scores. Direct (but not indirect) effects of DASH through the allostatic load were observed for all-cause mortality, and no direct or indirect effects were observed for cancer-specific mortality. From a public health standpoint, the allostatic load may be a surrogate for the preventive effects of the DASH diet and its components on cardiovascular disease-specific mortality risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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18 pages, 1024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Interplay of Diet Quality and Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk Score in Relation to Cognitive Performance Among Urban African Americans

by Sharmin Hossain, May A. Beydoun, Marie F Kuczmarski, Salman Tajuddin, Michele K Evans and Alan B Zonderman

Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2181; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092181 - 11 Sep 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3941

Abstract

We examined the interactive associations of poor diet quality and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) genetic risk with cognitive performance among 304 African American adults (mean age~57 years) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. In this cross-sectional study, selected participants had complete predictors and covariate data with 13 cognitive test scores as outcomes. Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were measured. A genetic risk score for AD in HANDLS (hAlzScore) was computed from 12 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our key hypotheses were tested using linear regression models. The hAlzScore was directly associated with poor performance in verbal memory (−0.4 ± 0.2, 0.01) and immediate visual memory (0.4 ± 0.2, 0.03) measured in seconds, in women only. The hAlzScore interacted synergistically with poorer diet quality to determine lower cognitive performance on a test of verbal fluency. Among numerous SNP × diet quality interactions for models of cognitive performance as outcomes, only one passed correction for multiple testing, namely verbal fluency. Our results suggest that improved diet quality can potentially modify performance on cognitive tests of verbal fluency among individuals with higher AD genetic risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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9 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adherence to DASH-Style Dietary Pattern Impacts on Adiponectin and Clustered Metabolic Risk in Older Women

by Andreas Nilsson, Patrik Halvardsson and Fawzi Kadi

Nutrients 2019, 11(4), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040805 - 9 Apr 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4590

Abstract

While dietary patterns are related to the age-related progression of chronic diseases, to what extent different dietary patterns influence inflammatory and metabolic risk factors in older adults remains to be elucidated. Additionally, potential moderating effects by physical activity (PA) become important to clarify. Here, we hypothesize that dietary patterns are linked to inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and that these links are independent of PA. The present study aims to explore links between two dietary constructs and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and metabolic health in older women, while considering time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). A cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 112 community-dwelling older women (65–70 years old) was performed. Dietary constructs based on the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) were determined from food records. MVPA was objectively assessed using accelerometry. Metabolic outcomes (waist circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressures and levels of glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol) and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and adiponectin) were determined using standardized procedures and a clustered metabolic risk score was derived. Adherence to DASH-style diet was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a lower clustered metabolic risk, where women in the highest adherence group had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower waist circumference and blood glucose level compared to those in the lowest group. Further, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) adiponectin level was observed in the high DASH adherence group compared to those with low adherence. Notably, adjustment by waist circumference did not alter links with either adiponectin or blood glucose level. Importantly, all observed links remained significant after further adjustment for time in MVPA. Finally, no significant associations were observed when the dietary pattern was defined by the DII. The findings of this study demonstrate that DASH-style diets promote a systemic anti-inflammatory environment, while also mitigating clustered metabolic risk in older women. A key finding is that favourable impacts of the DASH-style diet are independent of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA, which further strengthens healthy eating behaviours as a key target for clinical and public health interventions designed to prevent age-related metabolic abnormalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue DASH Diet and Human Health)

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