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Nutrients
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Vitamins and Micronutrients in Cancer
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Vitamins and Micronutrients in Cancer

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 16497

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Helen Swede

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
Interests: cancer epidemiology; cancer prognosis; outcome disparities in cancer; chronic inflammation; pro-inflammatory diet; obesity and cancer risk; chemoprevention trials; tumor markers; genetic markers; premalignant lesions
Dr. Heather Ochs-Balcom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Interests: genetic epidemiology of complex traits; gene–diet interactions; outcome disparities in cancer; obesity and cancer risk

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While much evidence exists that certain broad dietary patterns affect cancer risk, evidence remains largely equivocal about the preventive role of specific vitamins and micronutrients and if there are differences in effect by cancer type. Advancement in these research domains could inform prevention strategies, particularly among those at higher risk (e.g., familial cancer syndromes, former smokers). Notably, however, a chemoprevention trial of Vitamin A supplementation reported an increased risk for lung cancer among those exposed to asbestos, which stood in contrast to evidence from observational and pre-clinical studies. This result created long-term biological reassessment of micronutrient-based chemoprevention with interest resuming in recent years. Due to the complexities of carcinogenesis, additional research needs include a greater understanding of gene–environment risk (e.g., modifying role of the Vitamin D receptor); vitamin supplementation on pre-malignant lesions; and disparities in intake.

Another topic requiring scientific advancement is vitamin intake post-diagnosis. Emerging observational and clinical trial evidence suggests that vitamin supplementation might enhance survival as well as the effectiveness of specific chemotherapies. Also understudied is the modifying impact of dietary pattern (e.g., pro-inflammatory diet, tendency of poor nutrition in patients under treatment) and social barriers (e.g., food insecurity) on the relationship between vitamin intake and improved outcomes.

Dr. Helen Swede
Dr. Heather Ochs-Balcom
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vitamins
  • micronutrients
  • pro-inflammatory diet
  • chronic inflammation
  • obesity-related cancers
  • cancer etiology
  • chemoprevention
  • cancer prognosis
  • outcome disparities
  • tumor markers
  • genetic markers
  • premalignant lesions

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2190 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Intake, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) Levels, and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Meta-Meta-Analysis Including Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Epidemiological Studies
by Mehmet Emin Arayici, Yasemin Basbinar and Hulya Ellidokuz
Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122722 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2854
Abstract
It is a well-established fact that inadequate Vitamin D (Vit-D) levels have negative effects on the development and progression of malignant diseases, particularly cancer. The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the effects of Vit-D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) levels on [...] Read more.
It is a well-established fact that inadequate Vitamin D (Vit-D) levels have negative effects on the development and progression of malignant diseases, particularly cancer. The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the effects of Vit-D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) levels on cancer incidence and mortality, the current evidence in this field, and the biases of this evidence, using the meta-meta-analysis method. Meta-analyses focusing on Vit-D intake, serum 25(OH)D levels, and cancer risk/mortality were identified. A structured computer literature search was undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus electronic databases using predetermined keyword combinations. Primary and secondary meta-meta-analyses were carried out, combining odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RRs), and hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes reported in selected meta-analyses. A total of 35 eligible meta-analyses (59 reports yielded from these studies) assessing the association between Vit-D and cancer incidence and/or mortality were included in this study. In the pooled analysis, higher Vit-D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower cancer risk (OR = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.96, p < 0.001; OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.89, p < 0.001, respectively) and cancer-related mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.93, p < 0.001; RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58–0.78, p < 0.001, respectively). When meta-analyses whose primary reports included only randomized controlled trials were pooled, there was no significant association between Vit-D intake and cancer risk (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01, p = 0.320). In subgroup analysis, Vit-D consumption was associated with a significant decrease in colorectal and lung cancer incidence (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96, p = 0.002; OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83–0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). Taken together, both Vit-D intake and higher 25(OH)D levels may provide remarkable benefits in terms of cancer incidence and mortality; however, careful evaluation according to cancer types is critically important and recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins and Micronutrients in Cancer)
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Review

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16 pages, 978 KiB  
Review
High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations
by Rima Obeid
Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4476; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214476 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 12348
Abstract
Patients with cancer have been reported to show elevated plasma concentrations of vitamin B12, thus causing uncertainties regarding safety of vitamin B12. We conducted a systematic literature search and a scoping review of human studies published in PubMed between January 2005 and March [...] Read more.
Patients with cancer have been reported to show elevated plasma concentrations of vitamin B12, thus causing uncertainties regarding safety of vitamin B12. We conducted a systematic literature search and a scoping review of human studies published in PubMed between January 2005 and March 2022, to investigate the association between vitamin B12 (concentrations of B12 biomarkers, intake, and genetic determinants) and cancer. Except for liver cancer, the association between plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and cancer was not consistent across the studies. Vitamin B12 intake from food, or food and supplements, showed even less consistent associations with cancer. There was no evidence for temporality, coherence, or a biologically meaningful dose-response relationship between plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and cancer. Genetically determined high plasma vitamin B12 was likely to be associated with cancer. Available randomized controlled trials have used a high dose of multivitamin supplements and cancer was the unplanned outcome, thus the causality of B12 in cancer cannot be judged based on these trials. Additionally, low plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were common in patients with cancer. Therefore, there is not sufficient evidence to assume that high plasma vitamin B12, high B12 intake, or treatment with pharmacological doses of vitamin B12, is causally related to cancer. Low vitamin B12 status in patients with cancer needs to be diagnosed and treated in order to prevent the hematological and neurological sequela of the deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins and Micronutrients in Cancer)
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