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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes
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Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2023) | Viewed by 25467

Special Issue Editor

Dr. George Lazaros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: pericardial disease; echocardiography; myocardial disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although nutrition has been studied for centuries, modern nutrition science is quite recent, accelerating after the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, in recent years, a substantial piece of research addressed the impact of nutrition on several non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease (CV-D), among others. In the specific context of CVD, the complex interplay with nutrition has been a matter of great interest and investigation. Indeed, it has been clearly depicted that a dietary plan based, among others, on fruits, whole grains, vegetables, olive oil, and fish, avoiding trans and saturated fats, red meat, sodium, sugar-sweetened beverages, and refined carbohydrates, improves CV health. Accordingly, on top of pharmacotherapy, healthy dietary choices have been developed such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. However, despite the increasing understanding of the contribution of eating decisions in primary and secondary CVD prevention, there are still several gaps in the evidence and conflicting information, especially for complex patients with comorbidities. The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the current evidence on nutrition and CVD interaction and provide individualized recommendations aiming at cardiovascular health promotion.

Dr. George Lazaros
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • cardiovascular disease
  • outcome
  • prevention

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 224 KiB  
Editorial
The Role of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Concepts and Trends
by Dimitra Tyrovola, Stergios Soulaidopoulos, Costas Tsioufis and George Lazaros
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051064 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5751
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes)
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Review

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18 pages, 1949 KiB  
Review
The Role of Chemerin in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review of Its Physiology and Pathology from a Nutritional Perspective
by Lunbo Tan, Xifeng Lu, A. H. Jan Danser and Koen Verdonk
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2878; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132878 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2361
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and thermogenesis. Consequently, it likely contributes to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and [...] Read more.
Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and thermogenesis. Consequently, it likely contributes to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. This review describes its origin and receptors, as well as its role in various diseases, and subsequently summarizes how nutrition affects its levels. It concludes that vitamin A, fat, glucose and alcohol generally upregulate chemerin, while omega-3, salt and vitamin D suppress it. Dietary measures rather than drugs acting as chemerin receptor antagonists might become a novel tool to suppress chemerin effects, thereby potentially improving the aforementioned diseases. However, more detailed studies are required to fully understand chemerin regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes)
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19 pages, 2829 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Literature Review
by Karen Pesqueda-Cendejas, Melissa Rivera-Escoto, Mónica R. Meza-Meza, Bertha Campos-López, Isela Parra-Rojas, Margarita Montoya-Buelna and Ulises De la Cruz-Mosso
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041036 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3549
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic pathology characterized by a bimodal mortality pattern attributed to clinical disease activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A complex interaction between traditional CVD risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, as [...] Read more.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic pathology characterized by a bimodal mortality pattern attributed to clinical disease activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A complex interaction between traditional CVD risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, as well as the presence of non-traditional CVD risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and C-reactive protein levels, has been suggested as a cause of the high prevalence of CVD in SLE patients. On the other hand, environmental factors, such as nutritional status, could influence the disease’s prognosis; several nutrients have immunomodulators, antioxidants, and anti-cardiometabolic risk properties which could reduce SLE severity and organ damage by decreasing the development of traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors. Therefore, this critical literature review discusses the therapeutic potential of nutritional approaches that could modulate the development of the main comorbidities related to CVD risk in SLE patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes)
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16 pages, 457 KiB  
Review
White Meat Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review of Recent Prospective Cohort Studies
by Evangelia Damigou, Rena I. Kosti and Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5213; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245213 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
Although the association between meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively investigated, studies focusing specifically on the relationship between white meat consumption and CVD risk factors are fewer with controversial findings. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between white meat [...] Read more.
Although the association between meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively investigated, studies focusing specifically on the relationship between white meat consumption and CVD risk factors are fewer with controversial findings. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between white meat consumption and the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed articles was conducted from 2010 to 2022 (1 November), according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Thirteen prospective cohort studies were selected studying mainly poultry, with the exception of one study that also analyzed rabbit meat. From the seven studies on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, four studies found no association, two studies found positive associations, and two studies found inverse associations when comparing poultry to other meats. Of the two studies on the risk of hypertension, one observed no association and one a positive association. Of the two studies on weight management, one observed a positive association with weight gain, the other study observed the same relationship only for chicken with skin, while for chicken without skin a positive relationship with relative weight loss was found. As for metabolic syndrome and its components, two studies revealed inverse associations with white meat intake. Only fresh lean white meat consumption seems to have potential beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should scrutinize consumption habits related to white meat intake when investigating its association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes)
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Other

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15 pages, 2415 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of High Protein Diets on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
by Emmanouil Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Kakargia, Fotis Kakargias, George Lazaros and Konstantinos Tsioufis
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1372; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061372 - 12 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 9587
Abstract
High protein diets have gained increased popularity as a means of losing weight, increasing muscle mass and strength, and improving cardiometabolic parameters. Only a few meta-analyses have addressed their impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and failed to show any significant associations without [...] Read more.
High protein diets have gained increased popularity as a means of losing weight, increasing muscle mass and strength, and improving cardiometabolic parameters. Only a few meta-analyses have addressed their impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and failed to show any significant associations without applying strict values to define high protein intake. Due to the conflicting research background, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of high protein diets compared to normal protein consumption on cardiovascular outcomes in adults without established cardiovascular disease. Fourteen prospective cohort studies were included. A total of 6 studies, including 221,583 participants, reported data about cardiovascular death, without showing a statistically significant difference in the random effect model (odds ratio: 0.94; confidence interval: 0.60–1.46; I2 = 98%; p = 0.77). Analysis of three studies, which included 90,231 participants showed that a high protein diet was not associated with a lower risk of stroke (odds ratio: 1.02; confidence interval: 0.94–1.10; I2 = 0%; p = 0.66). Regarding the secondary outcome of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death, 13 studies that included 525,047 participants showed no statistically significant difference (odds ratio; 0.87; confidence interval: 0.70–1.07; I2 = 97%; p = 0.19). In conclusion, according to our study results, high protein consumption does not affect cardiovascular prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiovascular Outcomes)
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