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Vitamin D in Relation to Diet-Related Diseases
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Vitamin D in Relation to Diet-Related Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2024) | Viewed by 6437

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Honglin Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
Interests: association of dietary interventions including probiotics; fibre and vitamin D supplementation on risk factors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; health inequality among ethnic groups in the UK in relationship with vitamin D status; postprandial glycaemic response in different ethnic groups
Dr. Yannan Jin

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
Interests: diet and cardiometabolic diseases; childhood malnutrition; food insecurity and global health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evidence from observational studies shows that vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal disease, such as osteomalacia, and non-musculoskeletal health outcomes, for example hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, mortality from respiratory diseases and reduced lung functions, immune responses, and certain cancers. However, findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are inconsistent or inclusive regarding the causal relation of vitamin D supplementation with the above diet-related disease. The aim of the Special Issue is to explore the most recent evidence in this research area. We welcome systematic reviews, RCTs, cohort studies, and cross-sectional and case–control studies to be submitted to this Special Issue. Animal studies and experiment with cell cultures will not be considered.

Dr. Honglin Dong
Dr. Yannan Jin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vitamin D
  • nutrition
  • musculoskeletal disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • immune responses
  • diet-related disease

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 971 KiB  
Article
Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels with In-Hospital Complications and Morphofunctional Recovery in a Cohort of Patients After Severe COVID-19 Across Different Obesity Phenotypes
by Víctor J. Simón-Frapolli, Ángel López-Montalbán, Isabel M. Vegas-Aguilar, Marta Generoso-Piñar, Rocío Fernández-Jiménez, Isabel M. Cornejo-Pareja, Ana M. Sánchez-García, Pilar Martínez-López, Pilar Nuevo-Ortega, Carmen Reina-Artacho, María A. Estecha-Foncea, Adela M. Gómez-González, María Belén González-Jiménez, Elma Avanesi-Molina, Francisco J. Tinahones-Madueño and José Manuel García-Almeida
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010110 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Background and objectives: the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the necessity of understanding the factors influencing susceptibility and disease severity, as well as a better recovery of functional status, especially in postcritical patients. evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the severity [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the necessity of understanding the factors influencing susceptibility and disease severity, as well as a better recovery of functional status, especially in postcritical patients. evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the severity of COVID-19 is still insufficient due to the lack of primary robust trial-based data and heterogeneous study designs. the principal aims of our study were to determine the impact of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency on complications during intensive care unit (icu) stay, as well as its role in muscle mass and strength improvement as well as morphofunctional recovery during a multispecialty 6-month follow-up program based on adapted nutritional support and specific physical rehabilitation. as a secondary objective, we compared the association mentioned above between patients with sarcopenic obesity and non- sarcopenic obesity. methods: this prospective observational study included 94 outpatients postcritical COVID-19. two weeks after hospital discharge, patients were divided into sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (20.01–29.99 ng/mL), or deficient (≤20 ng/mL) vitamin D levels. the differences in in-hospital complications and morphofunctional parameters including phase angle (PhA), body cell mass (BCM), handgrip strength (HGS), timed get-up-and-go (UAG), 6 min walk test (6MWT), and proinflammatory biochemical variables were analyzed. Incremental (Δ) changes in these parameters were also analyzed at the end of follow-up according to vitamin D levels and the presence vs. absence of sarcopenic obesity. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to detect possible confounding factors in the impact analysis of vitamin D changes on functional recovery in patients with obesity. Results: A total of 36.2% of patients exhibited vitamin D deficiency, 29.8% vitamin D insufficiency, and only 32.9% showed sufficient levels at hospital discharge. A total of 46.8% of patients had obesity, and 36.1% had sarcopenic obesity. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with longer hospital stays (p = 0.04), longer ICU stays (p = 0.04), more days of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (p = 0.04), lower skeletal muscle mass/weight (SMM/w) (p = 0.04) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p = 0.047), higher fat mass percentage (FM%) (p = 0.04), C-reactive-protein (CRP) (p = 0.04), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.03), and better performance in R-HGS (p = 0.04), UAG (p = 0.03), and 6MWT (p = 0.034) when compared with those with normal vitamin D levels. At six months, Δvitamin D significantly correlated with ΔHbA1c (p = 0.002) and CRP (p = 0.049). Patients with normal vitamin D values showed better recovery of ΔSMI (p = 0.046), ΔSMM/w (p = 0.04), ΔR-HGS (p = 0.04), and ΔUAG (p = 0.04) compared to those with abnormal vitamin D levels, and these improvements in ΔR-HGS and ΔUAG were greater in the subgroup of sarcopenic obesity compared than in nonsarcopenic obesity (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis detected that these results were also attributable to a longer hospital stay and lower ΔCRP in the subgroup of patients with sarcopenic obesity. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with longer hospital stays, longer VMI requirement, worse muscle health, and a higher degree of systemic inflammation. Furthermore, normal vitamin D levels at the end of the follow-up were associated with better morphofunctional recovery in postcritical COVID-19, particularly in patients with sarcopenic obesity partly due to a higher degree of inflammation as a result of a longer hospital stay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D in Relation to Diet-Related Diseases)
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13 pages, 1596 KiB  
Article
The Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
by Karolina Śledzińska, Anna Kloska, Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka, Piotr Landowski, Aleksandra Oppmann, Stephen Wilczynski, Agnieszka Zagierska, Barbara Kamińska, Michał A. Żmijewski and Anna Liberek
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142261 - 13 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
Background: The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Prior studies suggest genetic components that may influence the incidence and severity of the disease. Additionally, it was shown that low levels of serum vitamin D may have an impact on the [...] Read more.
Background: The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Prior studies suggest genetic components that may influence the incidence and severity of the disease. Additionally, it was shown that low levels of serum vitamin D may have an impact on the clinical course of the disease due to its effect on the immunological system. Methods: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the incidence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (rs11568820, rs10735810, rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236, commonly described as Cdx2, FokI, Bsm, ApaI, and TaqI, respectively) and vitamin D concentration with the clinical course of IBD (disease activity, extent of the intestinal lesions). Data were obtained from 62 patients with IBD (34 with Crohn’s disease, 28 with ulcerative colitis), aged 3–18 years, and compared with controls (N = 47), aged 8–18 years. Results: Although there was no difference in the incidence of individual genotypes between the study groups (IBD, C) in all the polymorphisms examined, we described a significant increase in the chance of developing IBD for heterozygotes of Cdx2 (OR: 2.3, 95% CI 0.88–6.18, p = 0.04) and BsmI (OR: 2.07, 95% CI 0.89–4.82, p = 0.048) polymorphisms. The mean serum 25OHD level in patients with IBD was significantly higher compared with the controls (19.87 ng/mL vs. 16.07 ng/mL; p = 0.03); however, it was still below optimal (>30 ng/mL). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between vitamin D level and TaqI in patients with IBD (p = 0.025) and patients with CD (p = 0.03), as well as with the BsmI polymorphism in patients with IBD (p = 0.04) and patients with CD (p = 0.04). A significant correlation was described between the degree of disease activity and genotypes for the FokI polymorphism in patients with UC (p = 0.027) and between the category of endoscopic lesions and genotypes for the Cdx2 polymorphism also in patients with UC (p = 0.046). Conclusions: The results suggest a potential correlation of VDR gene polymorphism with the chance of developing IBD, and the clinical course of the disease requires further studies in larger group of patients. Vitamin D supplementation should be recommended in both children with inflammatory bowel disease and in healthy peers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D in Relation to Diet-Related Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1466 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D Enhancement of Adipose Biology: Implications on Obesity-Associated Cardiometabolic Diseases
by Mi-Jeong Lee
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030586 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1827
Abstract
Vitamin D is activated into 1α,25(OH)2D through two hydroxylation steps that are primarily catalyzed by 25-hydroxylase in the liver and 1α-hydroxylase in the kidneys. The active form of vitamin D regulates myriads of cellular functions through its nuclear receptor, vitamin D [...] Read more.
Vitamin D is activated into 1α,25(OH)2D through two hydroxylation steps that are primarily catalyzed by 25-hydroxylase in the liver and 1α-hydroxylase in the kidneys. The active form of vitamin D regulates myriads of cellular functions through its nuclear receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and VDR are expressed in adipose tissues and vitamin D regulates multiple aspects of adipose biology including the recruitment and differentiation of adipose stem cells into adipocytes and metabolic, endocrine, and immune properties. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status, which is thought to be explained by its sequestration in large mass of adipose tissues as well as dysregulated vitamin D metabolism. Low vitamin D status in obesity may negatively impact adipose biology leading to adipose tissue dysfunctions, the major pathological factors for cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. In this review, the current understanding of vitamin D metabolism and its molecular mechanisms of actions, focusing on vitamin D–VDR regulation of adipose biology with their implications on obesity-associated diseases, is discussed. Whether improving vitamin D status leads to reductions in adiposity and risks for cardiometabolic diseases is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D in Relation to Diet-Related Diseases)
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