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Nutrients
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Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases
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Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 December 2025 | Viewed by 3206

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jeannette M. Beasley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies and Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Interests: aging; health disparities; woman's health; diet quality; dietary proteins; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Established as well as emerging evidence indicates diet and nutrition play an important role in aging and impact the development of age-related diseases. It is crucial to identify dietary and lifestyle factors that may affect aging and health, especially among older individuals that have been historically underrepresented in research. Dietary components with anti-aging effects may slow or prevent the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment, and dementia.

This Special Issue aims to explore the role of dietary patterns and nutritional interventions among older adults, with a particular focus on their effects on age-related diseases, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, skeletal muscle mass, etc. The ultimate question is whether nutritional interventions can have a positive impact on aging and health in older adults.

We welcome your submissions to this Special Issue, “Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases”.

Dr. Jeannette M. Beasley
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • older adults
  • dietary patterns
  • nutritional intervention
  • age-related disease
  • physical health
  • cognition
  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic disease
  • sarcopenia
  • quality of life

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Protein Supplementation, Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women: An Ancillary Study from the Supplemental Protein to Outsmart Osteoporosis Now (SPOON) Trial
by Jessica Dauz Bihuniak, Alessandra Byer, Christine A. Simpson, Rebecca R. Sullivan, Josephine M. Dudzik, Karl L. Insogna and Jeannette M. Beasley
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2104; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132104 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 328
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Studies have reported an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among people with higher protein intake. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are reported to be positively associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not understood whether elevated levels of BCAA [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Studies have reported an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among people with higher protein intake. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are reported to be positively associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not understood whether elevated levels of BCAA are causal to IR development, or if higher BCAA are a marker of IR. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of long-term protein and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma BCAA levels, and the relationship between plasma BCAA and IR in postmenopausal women. Methods: Stored samples and data from 84 postmenopausal women who participated in a protein supplementation trial (SPOON) were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of protein intakes less than 0.6 g/kg or greater than 1.0 g/kg, a body mass index (BMI) greater than 32 kg/m2 or less than 19 kg/m2 diseases, and conditions and medications known to impact musculoskeletal health. Subjects were randomized to a whey protein (PRO: n = 38) or maltodextrin supplement (CHO: n = 46) for 18 months. Plasma BCAA, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body composition were analyzed at baseline and 18 months. Results: At baseline, there were no significant associations between plasma BCAA and IR. There were also no significant changes in plasma BCAA or IR by study arm. However, there was a significant positive association between plasma BCAA and IR in both groups at 18 months (CHO: r = 0.35, p = 0.02; PRO: r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Findings from this study warrant future research to examine other diet and lifestyle factors that may mediate the relationship between circulating BCAA and IR in postmenopausal women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases)
15 pages, 1522 KiB  
Article
Effects of Oral Nutrition Supplementation with or Without Multi-Domain Intervention Program on Cognitive Function and Overall Health in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Hae-Jin Kang, Eun-Hye Lee, Seong-Hye Choi, So-Young Moon, Jee-Hyang Jeong and Yoo-Kyoung Park
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111941 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 697
Abstract
Objectives: The global rise in dementia prevalence is escalating the socioeconomic burden, prompting efforts in prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week oral nutrition supplement (ONS) program with or without a multi-domain intervention program (MIP) in patients [...] Read more.
Objectives: The global rise in dementia prevalence is escalating the socioeconomic burden, prompting efforts in prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week oral nutrition supplement (ONS) program with or without a multi-domain intervention program (MIP) in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Forty-nine patients with mild cognitive impairment were divided into three groups: (1) ONS (ONS), (2) ONS+MIP (ONS+MIP), and (3) control (CON). Korean-style dementia prevention MIP was used in the ONS+MIP group. Two packs of ONS per day were provided to the ONS group during the intervention period. Cognitive function, nutritional evaluation, body composition analysis, and physical performance were measured. The paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses. Results: A final analysis was performed on the final 46 participants. After intervention, the cognitive function test (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, RBANS) scores of the ONS+MIP group were significantly increased compared to the baseline scores. However, no significant changes were observed in the ONS and CON groups. Eating behavior and food quality also improved in the ONS+MIP group, with a significant difference among the three groups. There was no significant change in body composition in all groups; however, grip strength (left hand), muscular endurance, and the total SPPB score improved in the ONS+MIP group. The total SPPB score decreased in the CON group. Conclusions: Along with ONS intake, intensive education and continuous monitoring through multi-domain interventions are important to improve cognitive function. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service identifier: KCT0007253. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases)
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16 pages, 582 KiB  
Article
The Role of Nutrition and Other Lifestyle Patterns in Mortality Risk in Older Adults with Multimorbidity
by Chao Dong, Karen A. Mather, Henry Brodaty, Perminder S. Sachdev, Julian Trollor, Fleur Harrison, Dana Bliuc, Rebecca Ivers, Joel Rhee and Zhaoli Dai
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050796 - 25 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Background: Limited research has examined how older adults’ lifestyles intersect with multimorbidity to influence mortality risk. Methods: In this community-dwelling prospective cohort, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns using baseline self-reported data on nutrition, [...] Read more.
Background: Limited research has examined how older adults’ lifestyles intersect with multimorbidity to influence mortality risk. Methods: In this community-dwelling prospective cohort, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns using baseline self-reported data on nutrition, lifestyle factors, and social engagement activities. Multimorbidity was defined by self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for multimorbidity cross-sectionally, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality risk longitudinally. Results: Of 895 participants (mean age: 78.2 years; 56.3% female) with complete lifestyle data, 597 had multimorbidity. Two distinct lifestyle patterns emerged: (i) a nutrition pattern characterised by higher intakes of protein, fibre, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and folate, and (ii) an exercise-sleep-social pattern marked by weekly physical activities like bowling, bicycling, sleep quality (low snoring/sleepiness), and high social engagement. Neither pattern was associated with multimorbidity cross-sectionally. Over a median 5.8-year follow-up (n = 869; 140 deaths), participants in the upper tertiles for combined lifestyle pattern scores had a 20% lower mortality risk than those in the lowest tertile [adjusted HR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65–0.97); p-trend = 0.02]. This association was stronger in participants with multimorbidity, with a 29% lower risk [0.71 (0.56–0.89); p-trend = 0.01], likely due to multimorbidity modifying the relationship between nutrition and mortality risk (p-interaction < 0.05). While multimorbidity did not modify the relationship between the exercise-sleep-social pattern and risk of mortality, it was consistently associated with a 19–20% lower risk (p-trend < 0.03), regardless of the multimorbidity status. Conclusions: Older adults with multimorbidity may particularly benefit from adopting healthy lifestyles focusing on nutrition, physical activity, sleep quality, and social engagement to reduce their mortality risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Interventions for Age-Related Diseases)
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