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Effects of Early Nutrition on Premature Infants (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 926

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Interests: newborn; nutrition; perinatal asphyxia; inflammatory reaction in the newborn; growth and development of very low birth weight newborns and retinopathy of the prematurity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are invited to submit articles to this Special Issue, “Effects of Early Nutrition on Premature Infants (2nd Edition)”. It has long been known that malnutrition, whether intrauterine or extrauterine, causes changes in brain development, leading to delays in the development of children and adolescents. We also know that growth and development are linked. Intrauterine and extrauterine malnutrition are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in low- and middle-income countries, due to socioeconomic problems such as absent or inadequate prenatal care, a lack of adequate vaccination, low caloric and/or protein intake, and prematurity. Intrauterine malnutrition is also prevalent in developed countries, mainly due to problems occurring during pregnancy, such as assisted fertilization, multiple pregnancies, and pre-eclampsia. Low intake of essential nutrients for good intra- and extrauterine brain development also occurs in wealthy populations and is affected by the above factors.

Therefore, malnutrition is a global public health problem highlighting a growing gap between low- and high-income countries in somatic growth and neurodevelopment. We must delve deeper into this topic by studying its consequences and prevention and looking closely at the effects of nutrition in this population.

Prof. Dr. Renato S. Procianoy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nutrition
  • child development
  • malnutrition
  • intrauterine growth
  • extrauterine growth
  • cerebral development
  • pregnancy nutrients

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 706 KiB  
Article
Improving Vitamin D Status in Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Trial of 800 vs. 400 IU/Day
by Nawinda Rueang-amnat, Kulnipa Kittisakmontri, Varangthip Khuwuthyakorn, Shanika Kosarat, Satit Manopunya and Mallika Pomrop
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1888; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111888 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 810
Abstract
Background and Aims: Preterm newborns are particularly susceptible to hypovitaminosis D, potentially impairing bone mineralization. In Thailand, data on its prevalence and standardized supplementation protocols remain limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two vitamin D3 dosages (400 IU/day vs. 800 [...] Read more.
Background and Aims: Preterm newborns are particularly susceptible to hypovitaminosis D, potentially impairing bone mineralization. In Thailand, data on its prevalence and standardized supplementation protocols remain limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two vitamin D3 dosages (400 IU/day vs. 800 IU/day) in improving serum vitamin D concentrations and metabolic bone parameters in preterm newborns. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in preterm newborns born at ≤32 weeks’ gestation or with birth weight ≤1500 g. Preterm newborns were randomized to receive either 400 IU or 800 IU/day of vitamin D3. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Metabolic bone parameters—including calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin—were assessed at baseline and again at six weeks of age. Results: Of the 38 enrolled infants, baseline 25(OH)D levels were comparable between groups (14.8 ± 4.8 ng/mL in the 800 IU/day group vs. 14.7 ± 6.9 ng/mL in the 400 IU/day group). At six weeks, the 800 IU group demonstrated significantly higher 25(OH)D levels (47.3 ± 21.0 ng/mL vs. 32.0 ± 14.2 ng/mL; p = 0.013), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.85) and the difference-in-differences of +15.7 ng/mL. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D declined from 89% to 5% in the 800 IU/day group and from 74% to 32% in the 400 IU/day group (p = 0.036). No significant differences in metabolic bone parameters or signs of toxicity were observed. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation at 800 IU/day significantly improved vitamin D status and reduced hypovitaminosis D in preterm newborns, without observed toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Early Nutrition on Premature Infants (2nd Edition))
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