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The Effect of Patient Education, Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity...
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The Effect of Patient Education, Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity on Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 May 2025 | Viewed by 1403

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carmine Gazzaruso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Interests: diabetes; erectile dysfunction; cardiovascular risk; silent myocardial ischemia; diabetic foot; nutrition; patient education; physical activity; female sexual dysfunction
Dr. Adriana Coppola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diabetes and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases Unit, Istituto Clinico Beato Matteo, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Vigevano, Italy
Interests: diabetes; patient education; physical activity; erectile dysfunction; diabetic foot; nutrition; female sexual dysfunction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is a significant health and social problem worldwide, leading to serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot, kidney disease, retinopathy, liver disease, and increased mortality and disability. An unbalanced diet and low physical activity are the most important risk factors for diabetes, in addition to genetics, making both dietary interventions and regular physical activity necessary for its prevention and proper management. However, patients should follow regular patient education sessions if they would like to see lasting improvements in their lifestyle and change their knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding diabetes. Patient education, dietary interventions, and regular physical activity are now considered powerful therapeutic tools to improve the control of both diabetes and its comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperuricemia, and reduce the risk of complications.

This Special Issue aims to gather current knowledge on the effect of patient education, dietary interventions, and physical activity not only on the prevention and management of diabetes, but also its complications. We welcome original research and reviews (including systematic reviews and meta-analyses) providing useful information for diabetologists, endocrinologists, internists, nurses, nutritionists, trainers, and dieticians, as well as inspiring further innovative research.

Prof. Dr. Carmine Gazzaruso
Dr. Adriana Coppola
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • patient education
  • physical activity
  • nutrition
  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic syndrome
  • insulin resistance
  • erectile dysfunction
  • diabetic foot
  • female sexual dysfunction

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 645 KiB  
Article
A Single Lesson on Dietary Education Improves Dietary Knowledge in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-Life Monocentric Italian Study
by Olga Eugenia Disoteo, Federica Russo, Luigi Renzullo, Giulia Negri, Giuseppina Piazzolla, Giovanni De Pergola, Vincenzo Triggiani and Giuseppe Lisco
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071139 - 26 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background. It is unclear if dietary education may increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Study aim. We estimated the effect of dietary counseling on nutritional knowledge and adherence to MD in T2D adult patients. Methods. T2D patients who attended the Diabetology Center [...] Read more.
Background. It is unclear if dietary education may increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Study aim. We estimated the effect of dietary counseling on nutritional knowledge and adherence to MD in T2D adult patients. Methods. T2D patients who attended the Diabetology Center of the Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda were recruited (April to September 2019) and categorized into two groups: the intervention group (IG), receiving a 2.5-h education, and the control group (CG). The Moynihan questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Assessment Questionnaire (MDAAQ) were administered to estimate the overall knowledge and adherence to MD at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), and 1 month (T2) later. Results. Seventy-two individuals (69.5 ± 8.6 years old) were included in the IG, and 52 (67.7 ± 9.2 years old) were included in the CG. All patients had sufficient dietary knowledge and intermediate adherence to MD at baseline. Those assigned to the IG showed a significant reduction in the Moynihan score from T0 (24.9 ± 2.6) to T1 (20.3 ± 1.8; p < 0.001) and T2 (20.4 ± 2.2; p < 0.001). CG had the same Moynihan score as IG individuals at T0 (24.8 ± 1.8), but their dietary knowledge was unchanged at T1 and T2 (24.9 ± 1.8). MD adherence was similar at each time in the IG, with a MDAAQ score of 4.4 ± 1.7 (T0), 5.1 ± 1.7 (T1), and 5.3 ± 1.8 (T2), and in the CG (T0: 5.1 ± 1.7; T1: 5 ± 1.5; T2: 5.1 ± 1.5). Discussion and Conclusions. The 2.5-h dietary counseling session improves dietary knowledge, but it is not enough to improve adherence to MD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Patient Education, Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity on Diabetes)
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Review

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28 pages, 484 KiB  
Review
Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the European Union: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies
by Carlos Alexandre Soares Andrade, Szabolcs Lovas, Nour Mahrouseh, Ghenwa Chamouni, Balqees Shahin, Eltayeb Omaima Awad Mustafa, Abdu Nafan Aisul Muhlis, Diana Wangeshi Njuguna, Frederico Epalanga Albano Israel, Nasser Gammoh, Niyati Chandrika, Nkunzi Conetta Atuhaire, Israa Ashkar, Anoushka Chatterjee, Rita Charles, Hasan Alzuhaily, Alaa Almusfy, Daniela Díaz Benavides, F. K. Alshakhshir and Orsolya Varga
Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061053 - 17 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Interventions for primary prevention are crucial in tackling type 2 diabetes (T2D) by offering a structured approach to implementing lifestyle modifications, such as community-based programs. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of primary prevention interventions in preventing or delaying [...] Read more.
Interventions for primary prevention are crucial in tackling type 2 diabetes (T2D) by offering a structured approach to implementing lifestyle modifications, such as community-based programs. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of primary prevention interventions in preventing or delaying the onset of T2D in the 28 EU member states (EU-28). The present systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020219994), and it followed the PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria comprised original interventional studies reporting incidence of T2D in member states of the EU-28. A total of 23,437 records were initially retrieved, of which 16 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These interventional studies, published between 2003 and 2021, provided data from Spain, the UK, Finland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Thirteen studies were of low quality, two were moderate, and one was high-quality. Three studies focused solely on dietary interventions, twelve studies combined diet, physical activity, and lifestyle counseling, and one study applied repeated health checks with personalized feedback and lifestyle advice. Overall, 10 studies reported a significant reduction in T2D incidence exclusively among high-risk individuals following the interventions with HR: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3–0.7) to 0.75 (95% CI: 0.58–0.96). Only a few studies reported that primary lifestyle interventions decreased T2D risk, thus limiting generalizability. While lifestyle improvements were noted on high-risk groups, significant risk reduction among healthy individuals was not observed. Multicomponent interventions combining dietary modifications, physical activity, and personalized lifestyle counseling were the most effective in reducing the incidence of T2D among high-risk populations in the EU-28. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Patient Education, Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity on Diabetes)
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