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Nutrients
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Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders
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Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2025) | Viewed by 4240

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patricia Ruiz-Limón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), C. Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain
2. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus de Teatinos, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Interests: microbiome; metabolic diseases; autoimmune diseases; inflammation; obesity
Dr. Hatim Boughanem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: epigenetic; metabolic diseases; immune system; obesity; diabetes; cancer; human nutrition
Dr. Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: celullar aging; telomere maintenance; lifestyle intervention; human nutrition; metabolic diseases; childhood obesity; cardiovascular disease; insulin resistance; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue dedicated to the critical and multifaceted topic of “Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders”. Metabolic disorders, including conditions such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer, continue to be global health challenges. This Special Issue delves into the intricate interplay between nutritional status, lifestyle factors, and the development, prevention, and management of these disorders.

This collection delves into the latest findings, insights, and innovations in the field. Authors have explored the role of lifestyle factors, such as quality diet, physical activity, sleep, and stress management, in modulating metabolic outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge, emerging trends, and practical applications in the context of metabolic disorders. It also highlights the importance of patient education and public health initiatives to promote healthier lifestyles. Contributors to this Special Issue encompass a diverse array of experts and researchers in nutrition, medicine, public health, and related fields. Their collective work sheds light on the latest evidence-based strategies for improving nutritional status and lifestyle to mitigate the impact of metabolic disorders.

We hope this Special Issue serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in understanding, preventing, and effectively managing metabolic disorders through nutritional and lifestyle interventions.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Patricia Ruiz-Limón
Dr. Hatim Boughanem
Dr. Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lifestyle intervention
  • dietary intervention
  • human nutrition
  • clinical trial
  • metabolic diseases
  • inflammatory diseases
  • immuno-nutrition
  • molecular mechanism
  • microbiota
  • cancer

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1414 KiB  
Article
Adherence to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-Enriched Oral Nutritional Supplements Enhances Survival and Nutritional Recovery in Malnourished Outpatients: Prognostic Insights
by Isabel Vegas-Aguilar, Rocío Fernández-Jiménez, Isabel Cornejo-Pareja, María Del Mar Amaya-Campos, Patricia Guirado-Peláez, Natalia Montero-Madrid, Álvaro Vidal-Suarez, Maria Angeles Martín-Fontalba, Victor Simon-Frapolli, Francisco J. Tinahones and José Manuel García-Almeida
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091601 - 7 May 2025
Abstract
Background: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) in outpatients is associated with increased mortality and functional decline. Morphofunctional assessments, including phase angle (PA), rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA), and handgrip strength (HGS), provide valuable prognostic insights in the ambulatory setting. Nutritional recovery programs enriched with [...] Read more.
Background: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) in outpatients is associated with increased mortality and functional decline. Morphofunctional assessments, including phase angle (PA), rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA), and handgrip strength (HGS), provide valuable prognostic insights in the ambulatory setting. Nutritional recovery programs enriched with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) offer potential benefits in improving nutritional and functional outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a six-month nutritional recovery program combining HMB-enriched oral nutritional supplements (HMB-ONS), dietary recommendations, and exercise on survival, morphofunctional markers, and adherence in malnourished outpatients. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 135 malnourished outpatients diagnosed using GLIM criteria. Morphofunctional assessments included PA (bioimpedance analysis), RF-CSA (nutritional ultrasound), HGS (dynamometry), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Adherence was assessed using pharmacy retrieval records and a validated questionnaire. Changes in morphofunctional markers and their association with mortality were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression models. Results: After six months, significant improvements were observed in PA (+0.47°), RF-CSA (+0.90 cm2), HGS (+4.1 kg), and TUG (−0.93 s) (all p < 0.001). These improvements were more pronounced in the high-adherence group, which also exhibited a reduced mortality risk (HR 0.42, p < 0.05). Changes in PA and HGS were strongly associated with survival, with ΔPA showing an HR of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.15–0.50, p < 0.001) and ΔHGS showing an HR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A nutritional recovery program with HMB-ONS significantly improves survival and morphofunctional markers in malnourished patients, with the greatest benefits observed in those with high adherence. These findings underscore the importance of adherence-support strategies in optimizing clinical outcomes and highlight the need for further research to confirm long-term benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders)
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14 pages, 942 KiB  
Article
Higher Adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diets After a Lifestyle Intervention in a Pediatric Population with Abdominal Obesity
by Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez, Gabriela Paula-Buestan, Itziar Zazpe, Maria Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian and Amelia Martí del Moral
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4270; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244270 - 11 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The rising prevalence of pediatric obesity highlights the urgent need for effective lifestyle interventions that improve diet quality, in line with global health objectives. Tackling obesity through planetarian dietary practices not only enhances individual health but also mitigates the environmental impact [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The rising prevalence of pediatric obesity highlights the urgent need for effective lifestyle interventions that improve diet quality, in line with global health objectives. Tackling obesity through planetarian dietary practices not only enhances individual health but also mitigates the environmental impact of food systems. The EAT-Lancet Commission’s plant-based dietary recommendations underscore the dual benefit of promoting human health while supporting environmental sustainability. This study aims to assess changes in adherence to a planetarian diet, measured through planetary environmental impact indices, following a lifestyle intervention in a pediatric population. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 107 participants with abdominal obesity were assigned to either a usual care group or an intensive intervention group, the latter following a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet combined with nutritional education. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was evaluated using both the EAT-Lancet Diet Score and the EAT-Lancet Diet Index. Results: The intensive lifestyle intervention significantly improved adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, leading to notable reductions in body mass index (BMI), weight, and waist circumference, alongside improvements in both anthropometric and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intensive lifestyle interventions in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity can reduce BMI-SDS (BMI-standard deviation score) and improve adherence to planetarian dietary patterns, leading to enhanced health outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of such interventions and to determine their broader applicability across diverse pediatric populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders)
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16 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
Dietary Lipid Quantity and Quality Modulate the Postprandial Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
by Marina Mora-Ortiz, Elena M. Yubero-Serrano, Feliciano Priego-Capote, Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, José D. Torres-Peña, Antonio P. Arenas de-Larriva, Javier Delgado-Lista, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Helen M. Roche and José López-Miranda
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4267; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244267 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2251
Abstract
The literature on the postprandial metabolic changes in individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains limited, despite the fact that postprandial states represent the most common physiological condition in Western societies. Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma metabolomics profile [...] Read more.
The literature on the postprandial metabolic changes in individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains limited, despite the fact that postprandial states represent the most common physiological condition in Western societies. Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma metabolomics profile in both fasting and postprandial states following a high-fat challenge in individuals with MetS who consumed diets with varying quantities and qualities of dietary fat over 12 weeks. Methods: Seventy-five patients with MetS (28 males and 47 females) from the Spanish LIPGENE cohort were included in the study. MetS patients were randomly stratified to follow one of four dietary interventions (isoenergetic diets) for a 12-week long-term study. The four diets were high in saturated fatty acids and high in monounsaturated fatty acids (HSFA and HMUFA), low-fat high-complex carbohydrates (LFHCC), and LFHCC supplemented with n-3. The metabolomics analysis of plasma samples was carried out using Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Results: We observed a decrease in inflammation biomarkers, including acetylcarnitine and L-carnitine during the fasting state and hexanoyl-L-carnitine and isobutyryl-L-carnitine during the postprandial period, mediated by the replacement of HSFA with HMUFA. Additionally, antioxidant compounds such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and L-valine were expressed at higher levels after consumption of the HMUFA diet compared to the HSFA diet. HSFA also presented altered levels of phosphatidylcholine, a metabolite previously linked with insulin resistance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that replacing HSFA with HMUFA may reduce inflammation and improve antioxidant profiles, supporting the potential for tailored dietary interventions in individuals with MetS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Metabolic Disorders)
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