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Nutrients
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Nutritional Epidemiology of Diabetes
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Nutritional Epidemiology of Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 1654

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jaakko Tuomilehto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: diabetes; cardiovascular disease; dementia; nutrition; physical activity; prevention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is becoming a major public health concern as its global incidence rises. Between 2000 and 2019, there was a 3% increase in age-standardized mortality rates from diabetes. In lower-middle-income countries, the mortality rate due to diabetes increased 13%. Dietary intake is considered one of the important modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The importance of nutrition in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes through its effect on weight and metabolic control is clear.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes has also increased globally in recent decades. The rate of increase in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has been 3% per year on average. There have been many studies on the potential effect on the risk of type 1 diabetes and on its increase, although we are still lacking solid evidence for such effects.

The aim of the Special Issue “Nutritional Epidemiology of Diabetes” is to showcase knowledge on nutrition epidemiology to lower the risk of or even prevent diabetes. The importance of the dietary management of both type 1 and 2 diabetes is well-established. Epidemiological studies provide an understanding of the development of the current diabetes epidemic and help in designing measures to reduce this epidemic.

For this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Jaakko Tuomilehto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • nutrition epidemiology
  • diet
  • nutrition
  • food consumption
  • nutritional status
  • food policy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Three-Year Associations of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Serum hs-C-Reactive Protein in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes
by Macy M. Helm, Arpita Basu, Leigh Ann Richardson, Lung-Chang Chien, Kenneth Izuora, Amy C. Alman and Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2058; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132058 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 708
Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a widely used clinical biomarker of systemic inflammation, implicated in many chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the increasing emphasis on dietary intake as a modifiable risk factor for systemic inflammation, the association of hs-CRP with [...] Read more.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a widely used clinical biomarker of systemic inflammation, implicated in many chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the increasing emphasis on dietary intake as a modifiable risk factor for systemic inflammation, the association of hs-CRP with fruit and vegetable consumption is relatively underexplored in T1D. To address this gap, we investigated the longitudinal associations of dietary pattern-derived fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP in adults with and without T1D. Additionally, we examined the impact of berry consumption as a distinct food group. Data were collected in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study over two visits that were three years apart. At each visit, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, and hs-CRP was measured using a particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay. Mixed effect models were used to examine the three-year association of fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP. Adjusted models found a significant inverse association between blueberry intake and hs-CRP in the nondiabetic (non-DM) group. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-derived vegetable scores were also inversely associated with hs-CRP in the non-DM group (all p-values ≤ 0.05). Conversely, no significant associations were observed in the T1D group. In conclusion, dietary pattern-derived vegetable scores are inversely associated with hs-CRP in non-DM adults. Nonetheless, in T1D, chronic hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities may override the cardioprotective features of these food groups at habitually consumed servings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Epidemiology of Diabetes)
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15 pages, 1684 KiB  
Article
Association between Urine Specific Gravity as a Measure of Hydration Status and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Kailuan Prospective Cohort Study
by Yinqiao Dong, Shuohua Chen, Yaohui Yu, Wenjuan Li, Zhongqing Xu, Juan Du, Shan Huang, Shouling Wu and Yong Cai
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111643 - 27 May 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Hydration status also plays a fundamental role in human health, especially in people with T2D, which is often overlooked. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between hydration [...] Read more.
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Hydration status also plays a fundamental role in human health, especially in people with T2D, which is often overlooked. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between hydration status and the risk of T2D among the Chinese population. This study used data from the large community-based Kailuan cohort, which included adults who attended physical examinations from 2006 to 2007 and were followed until 2020. A total of 71,526 participants who eventually met the standards were divided into five hydration-status groups based on their levels of urine specific gravity (USG). Multivariable and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations of baseline and time-dependent hydration status with T2D incidence. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was used to examine the dose–response relationship between hydration status and the risk of T2D. Over a median 12.22-year follow-up time, 11,804 of the participants developed T2D. Compared with the optimal hydration-status group, participants with dehydration and severe dehydration had a significantly increased risk of diabetes, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.30 (1.04–1.63) and 1.38 (1.10–1.74). Time-dependent analyses further confirmed the adverse effects of impending dehydration, dehydration, and severe dehydration on T2D incidence by 16%, 26%, and 33% compared with the reference group. Inadequate hydration is significantly associated with increased risks of T2D among Chinese adults. Our findings provided new epidemiological evidence and highlighted the potential role of adequate hydration status in the early prevention of T2D development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Epidemiology of Diabetes)
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