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Probiotics and Prebiotics for Oral Health Improvement

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2025) | Viewed by 3571

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Interests: chronic periodontitis; periodontology; periodontal surgery; periodontal regeneration; periodontics and oral pathology; oral biology; implant dentistry; dentistry; bone regeneration; dental surgery
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Guest Editor
Policlinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Interests: dentistry; periodontics; nutritional medicine; digital teaching methods in dentistry; implant therapy; patient communication; dental hypnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the intricate interplay between nutrition, the microbiome, and oral health has garnered increasing scientific attention. Emerging evidence challenges the long-standing assumption that inadequate oral hygiene is the primary driver of chronic pro-inflammatory conditions affecting the oral mucosa. Instead, a more nuanced understanding points to dysbiosis—an unphysiological shift in the microbial composition of the oral and intestinal microbiota—triggered by lifestyle, dietary patterns, and genetic predisposition.

Among the most promising strategies to counteract this dysregulation are the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics, which aim to restore microbial balance and support mucosal immune homeostasis. These nutrition-based interventions offer a novel, cause-oriented approach to preventing and managing prevalent oral diseases, particularly periodontal disorders.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions that delve into the mechanisms, clinical applications, and evolving evidence base regarding probiotics and prebiotics in oral health. Topics of interest include their role in modulating risk factors, suppressing pathogenic biofilms, and cultivating a resilient, health-promoting oral ecosystem. As the integration of nutritional strategies into mainstream dental care continues to grow, a deeper understanding of how these interventions shape the oral microbiota and influence disease outcomes is both timely and essential.

Prof. Dr. Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
Prof. Dr. Johan Peter Woelber
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • gut–oral axis
  • oral microbiota
  • microbiome
  • oral health
  • oral disease
  • periodontal disease
  • nutritional interventions

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 488 KB  
Article
Effects of Probiotic Short-Term Regiment on Oral Health Parameters in Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
by Edouard Starck, Vanessa Machado, João Botelho, Luís Proença, Helena Barroso, Carla Ascenso and Cecília Rozan
Nutrients 2025, 17(22), 3604; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223604 - 18 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a primary cariogenic bacterium contributing to biofilm acidogenicity and enamel demineralization. Conventional caries prevention relies mainly on mechanical plaque control and dietary modification, but probiotics have emerged as potential adjuncts for oral microbiota modulation. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a primary cariogenic bacterium contributing to biofilm acidogenicity and enamel demineralization. Conventional caries prevention relies mainly on mechanical plaque control and dietary modification, but probiotics have emerged as potential adjuncts for oral microbiota modulation. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of a multi-strain probiotic containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on clinical and microbiological parameters associated with dental caries in children. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 40 children aged 6–14 years from a community setting. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either probiotic or placebo lozenges for 30 days. Clinical assessments included the Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), salivary pH, buffering capacity, and salivary S. mutans concentration. The study was preregistered (10.17605/OSF.IO/GKVUW) and ethically approved. Results: The intervention was well tolerated, with no adverse events reported and high participant acceptability. Despite there being no statistically significant differences in any clinical or microbiological parameter (p > 0.05), we found trends toward higher salivary pH, improved buffering capacity, and reduced S. mutans counts in the probiotic group. Conclusions: Short-term probiotic supplementation was safe and well accepted among children but did not produce statistically significant improvements in oral health parameters over 30 days. These findings highlight the feasibility of probiotic use in pediatric populations and support the need for larger, longer-term trials to clarify their potential role as adjuncts in caries prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics for Oral Health Improvement)
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17 pages, 377 KB  
Systematic Review
Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics—A Systematic Review
by Lucia Giannini, Giovanna Stella, Giovanni Cattaneo, Gianna Dipalma and Cinzia Maspero
Nutrients 2025, 17(19), 3153; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17193153 - 3 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background: In recent years, scientific interest in probiotics in oral health has grown exponentially. This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of probiotic use in dentistry, specifically in two areas: orthodontics and pediatric dentistry. Methods: Forty studies (RCTs, systematic reviews, clinical and [...] Read more.
Background: In recent years, scientific interest in probiotics in oral health has grown exponentially. This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of probiotic use in dentistry, specifically in two areas: orthodontics and pediatric dentistry. Methods: Forty studies (RCTs, systematic reviews, clinical and preclinical studies) published between 2001 and 2025 were selected from the literature (PubMed) to evaluate the impact of probiotics on clinical, microbiological, and patient-specific parameters. Results: Results generally indicate that the most observed effect is the reduction in Streptococcus mutans levels, while in orthodontics, probiotics have proven beneficial primarily in reducing halitosis and traumatic lesions. In pediatric dentistry, early and prolonged use of probiotics has been shown to benefit both the reduction in caries and the improvement of gingival health, with significant results also observed in pediatric patients with special needs. Conclusions: Although the data obtained so far are very encouraging, further clinical studies are needed to define standardized protocols, identify the most effective strains, and evaluate the effects of long-term probiotic use. Probiotics therefore represent a promising and potentially valuable addition to preventive strategies in dentistry, particularly in orthodontics and pediatric dentistry, when integrated into a sustainable and personalized approach to patient oral health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics for Oral Health Improvement)
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