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Nutrients
Special Issues
Effects of Activity Type and Dietary Management on Glycemic Balance
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Effects of Activity Type and Dietary Management on Glycemic Balance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 6198

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Teresa Mezza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pancreas Unit, CEMAD, Department of Internal medicine & Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
Interests: pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical activity and a balanced diet are important non-pharmacological components of diabetes therapy and key elements in glucose management in patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In fact, physical exercise improves glucose control by enhancing insulin sensitivity and stimulating glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells. In addition, physical activity can help to reduce body weight and lipidic blood levels, which are also risk factors for diabetes and, in general, for metabolic disorders. The most effective type of exercise to improve glycemic control is the combination of aerobic and resistance training in a structured program of at least 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week. In addition, recent studies have shown that physical exercise improves b-cell functional mass and also seem to reduce apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines.

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins, combined with a limited intake of sugars and refined carbohydrates, can help to prevent or slow down the progression of diabetes. In general, the adoption of an active lifestyle and a balanced diet is essential for the prevention of diabetes from childhood to adulthood and to prevent long-term complications. This Special Issue aims to outline the exercise-induced changes in an individual’s physiology via nutrition and the exercise-induced changes in regulatory hormones in individuals with diabetes. We welcome novel short communications, related original research articles, and clinical studies, as well as review articles, for this Special Issue.

Dr. Teresa Mezza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • type 2 diabetes
  • metabolic syndrome
  • physical activity
  • dietary management
  • activity type

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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16 pages, 346 KiB  
Review
Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function
by Emanuela Di Murro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Laura Soldovieri, Simona Moffa, Ilaria Improta, Umberto Capece, Enrico Celestino Nista, Francesca Cinti, Gea Ciccarelli, Michela Brunetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Giaccari and Teresa Mezza
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4202; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194202 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3085
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already with overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population is still challenging. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of T2DM patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well as the possibility of practicing different types and intensities of PA, has led to the need to develop tailored exercise and training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation in response to exercise could help to clarify why individuals do not respond in the same way to PA, and to guide the prescription of personalized treatments. The aim of this review is to offer an updated overview of the current evidence on the effects of different regimens and modalities of PA regarding glucose sensing and β-cell secretory dynamics in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM, with a special focus on β-cell function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Activity Type and Dietary Management on Glycemic Balance)

Other

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 550 KiB  
Brief Report
Post-Exercise Protein Intake May Reduce Time in Hypoglycemia Following Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
by Franklin R. Muntis, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Saame R. Shaikh, Jamie Crandell, Kelly R. Evenson and Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4268; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194268 - 6 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
Little is known about the role of post-exercise protein intake on post-exercise glycemia. Secondary analyses were conducted to evaluate the role of post-exercise protein intake on post-exercise glycemia using data from an exercise pilot study. Adults with T1D (n = 11), with [...] Read more.
Little is known about the role of post-exercise protein intake on post-exercise glycemia. Secondary analyses were conducted to evaluate the role of post-exercise protein intake on post-exercise glycemia using data from an exercise pilot study. Adults with T1D (n = 11), with an average age of 33.0 ± 11.4 years and BMI of 25.1 ± 3.4, participated in isoenergetic sessions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Participants completed food records on the days of exercise and provided continuous glucose monitoring data throughout the study, from which time in range (TIR, 70–180 mg/dL), time above range (TAR, >180 mg/dL), and time below range (TBR, <70 mg/dL) were calculated from exercise cessation until the following morning. Mixed effects regression models, adjusted for carbohydrate intake, diabetes duration, and lean mass, assessed the relationship between post-exercise protein intake on TIR, TAR, and TBR following exercise. No association was observed between protein intake and TIR, TAR, or TBR (p-values ≥ 0.07); however, a borderline significant reduction of −1.9% (95% CI: −3.9%, 0.0%; p = 0.05) TBR per 20 g protein was observed following MICT in analyses stratified by exercise mode. Increasing post-exercise protein intake may be a promising strategy to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia following MICT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Activity Type and Dietary Management on Glycemic Balance)
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