Nonlinear Optical Properties and Applications of 2D Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2022) | Viewed by 6383

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: lasers; laser produced plasmas; laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); laser based diagnostic techniques; laser based analytical techniques; laser applications for authentication-safety-quality control-art restoration; nonlinear optics; nonlinear optical materials; characterization techniques of NLO materials; Z-scan, DFWM; NLO phenomena (SHG, THG, mixing)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, research has accelerated exponentially with regard to 2D carbon-based nanomaterials, unraveling the exceptional properties that graphene provides. As the years have gone by, graphene has not only dominated the “2D scene” but graphene-like, graphene-based materials, or better, graphene derivatives, have emerged on the horizon with even more effective and larger applicability in various research fields, capable of competing and even surpassing the quintessential graphene. The aforementioned materials have shown a remarkably large nonlinear optical response and great nonlinear optical properties, rendering them as the “go-to” materials in many applications, including sectors such as ultra-fast optical communication, optical limiting, logic devices, ultrafast optical switching, data storage and processing, image transmission, optical computing, security and defense, etc. Knowledge of the nonlinear optical properties is a pre-requisite for the implementation of 2D materials in the applications mentioned above. In this view, the scope of this Special Issue of Nanomaterials is to track the recent advances in nonlinear optical properties and the applications of novel two-dimensional carbon-based materials by the leading research groups in the field.

Prof. Dr. Stelios Couris
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • 2D carbon materials
  • graphene
  • graphene derivatives
  • nonlinear optical properties
  • optical limiting
  • saturable absorption
  • thermal effects
  • Z-scan technique
  • Optical Kerr Effect
  • Four-Wave Mixing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2667 KiB  
Article
Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband
by Chuyu Zhong, Zhibin Zhang, Hui Ma, Maoliang Wei, Yuting Ye, Jianghong Wu, Bo Tang, Peng Zhang, Ruonan Liu, Junying Li, Lan Li, Xiaoyong Hu, Kaihui Liu and Hongtao Lin
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071083 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
The mid-infrared (MIR, 2–20 μm) waveband is of great interest for integrated photonics in many applications such as on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing, and optical communication. Thermo-optic switches are essential to large-scale integrated photonic circuits at MIR wavebands. However, current technologies require a thick [...] Read more.
The mid-infrared (MIR, 2–20 μm) waveband is of great interest for integrated photonics in many applications such as on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing, and optical communication. Thermo-optic switches are essential to large-scale integrated photonic circuits at MIR wavebands. However, current technologies require a thick cladding layer, high driving voltages or may introduce high losses in MIR wavelengths, limiting the performance. This paper has demonstrated thermo-optic (TO) switches operating at 2 μm by integrating graphene onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures. The remarkable thermal and optical properties of graphene make it an excellent heater material platform. The lower loss of graphene at MIR wavelength can reduce the required cladding thickness for the thermo-optics phase shifter from micrometers to tens of nanometers, resulting in a lower driving voltage and power consumption. The modulation efficiency of the microring resonator (MRR) switch was 0.11 nm/mW. The power consumption for 8-dB extinction ratio was 5.18 mW (0.8 V modulation voltage), and the rise/fall time was 3.72/3.96 μs. Furthermore, we demonstrated a 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) TO switch with a high extinction ratio of more than 27 dB and a switching rise/fall time of 4.92/4.97 μs. A comprehensive analysis of the device performance affected by the device structure and the graphene Fermi level was also performed. The theoretical figure of merit (2.644 mW−1μs−1) of graphene heaters is three orders of magnitude higher than that of metal heaters. Such results indicate graphene is an exceptional nanomaterial for future MIR optical interconnects. Full article
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15 pages, 3351 KiB  
Article
Tailoring the Nonlinear Optical Response of Some Graphene Derivatives by Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation
by Aristeidis Stathis, Zoi Bouza, Ioannis Papadakis and Stelios Couris
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010152 - 1 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2359
Abstract
In the present work the impact of in situ photoreduction, by means of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on the nonlinear optical response (NLO) of some graphene oxide (GO), fluorographene (GF), hydrogenated fluorographene (GFH) and graphene (G) dispersions is studied. In situ UV photoreduction allowed [...] Read more.
In the present work the impact of in situ photoreduction, by means of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on the nonlinear optical response (NLO) of some graphene oxide (GO), fluorographene (GF), hydrogenated fluorographene (GFH) and graphene (G) dispersions is studied. In situ UV photoreduction allowed for the extended modification of the degree of functionalization (i.e., oxidization, fluorination and hydrogenation), leading to the effective tuning of the corresponding sp2/sp3 hybridization ratios. The nonlinear optical properties of the studied samples prior to and after UV irradiation were determined by means of the Z-scan technique using visible (532 nm), 4 ns laser excitation, and were found to change significantly. More specifically, while GO’s nonlinear optical response increases with irradiation time, GF and GFH present a monotonic decrease. The graphene dispersions’ nonlinear optical response remains unaffected after prolonged UV irradiation for more than an hour. The present findings demonstrate that UV photoreduction can be an effective and simple strategy for tuning the nonlinear optical response of these graphene derivatives in a controllable way, resulting in derivatives with custom-made responses, thus more suitable for different photonic and optoelectronic applications. Full article
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9 pages, 3993 KiB  
Article
Electric Field Induced Twisted Bilayer Graphene Infrared Plasmon Spectrum
by Jizhe Song, Zhongyuan Zhang, Naixing Feng and Jingang Wang
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092433 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2182
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the role of an external electric field in modulating the spectrum and electronic structure behavior of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and its physical mechanisms. Through theoretical studies, it is found that the external electric field can drive the [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigate the role of an external electric field in modulating the spectrum and electronic structure behavior of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and its physical mechanisms. Through theoretical studies, it is found that the external electric field can drive the relative positions of the conduction band and valence band to some extent. The difference of electric field strength and direction can reduce the original conduction band, and through the Fermi energy level, the band is significantly influenced by the tunable electric field and also increases the density of states of the valence band passing through the Fermi level. Under these two effects, the valence and conduction bands can alternately fold, causing drastic changes in spectrum behavior. In turn, the plasmon spectrum of TBG varies from semiconductor to metal. The dielectric function of TBG can exhibit plasmon resonance in a certain range of infrared. Full article
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