Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 28298

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences &National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Interests: artificial structure materials; metamaterials; acoustic materials; heat transfer in nanostructured materials; nanophotonics; surface plasmons; nanofabrication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The topic “Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials” has recently drawn an increased amount of attention due to its application significance in semiconductor industries. The demand for nanostructures with high heat-transfer efficiency is quite urgent to address the heat dissipation issue of chips with high power densities, which is growing into a bottleneck for further developments. Moreover, extensive research efforts are focused in other areas of this field of study, with a significant impact on microelectronics, thermal logic devices, and thermoelectric technologies. Heat transfer in nanostructures is a huge “playground”, so to speak. However, engineering heat transfer in nanostructures is particularly challenging. When it comes to the nanoscale, interfaces play dominant roles in heat transfer, based on which, cutting-edge technologies such as the design of quantum dots, superlattices, and interface modification could be adopted as promising approaches to engineer heat transport. These technologies are helping us to prepare to embrace the era of atomic manufacturing of chips. Additionally, further studies on interfacial heat transfer in monoatomic layers and low-dimension materials will be of great significance to thermal management of superlarge scale integrated circuits and other power semiconductor devices.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials welcomes recent works on “Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials”, covering materials design, fabrication, characterization, and theoretical analyses; devices and their applications; thermal measurement technologies; etc.

Prof. Dr. Minghui Lu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Thermal transferring in nanostructures
  • Nanomaterials
  • Thermoelectric materials
  • Thermal logic materials
  • Thermal metamaterials
  • Nanophononics
  • Thermal transport theories
  • Thermal device
  • Thermal measurement technologies

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 176 KiB  
Editorial
Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials
by Ming-Hui Lu
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061062 - 15 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Thermal manipulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential applications in diverse areas, including microelectronics, thermal logic devices, and thermoelectrics [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)

Research

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9 pages, 2131 KiB  
Communication
A Hierarchically Structured Graphene/Ag Nanowires Paper as Thermal Interface Material
by Le Lv, Junfeng Ying, Lu Chen, Peidi Tao, Liwen Sun, Ke Yang, Li Fu, Jinhong Yu, Qingwei Yan, Wen Dai, Nan Jiang and Cheng-Te Lin
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(5), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13050793 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1826
Abstract
With the increase in heat power density in modern integrating electronics, thermal interface materials (TIM) that can efficiently fill the gaps between the heat source and heat sinks and enhance heat dissipation are urgently needed owing to their high thermal conductivity and excellent [...] Read more.
With the increase in heat power density in modern integrating electronics, thermal interface materials (TIM) that can efficiently fill the gaps between the heat source and heat sinks and enhance heat dissipation are urgently needed owing to their high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical durability. Among all the emerged TIMs, graphene-based TIMs have attracted increasing attention because of the ultrahigh intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene nanosheets. Despite extensive efforts, developing high-performance graphene-based papers with high through-plane thermal conductivity remains challenging despite their high in-plane thermal conductivity. In this study, a novel strategy for enhancing the through-plane thermal conductivity of graphene papers by in situ depositing AgNWs on graphene sheets (IGAP) was proposed, which could boost the through-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene paper up to 7.48 W m−1 K−1 under packaging conditions. In the TIM performance test under actual and simulated operating conditions, our IGAP exhibits strongly enhanced heat dissipation performance compared to the commercial thermal pads. We envision that our IGAP as a TIM has great potential for boosting the development of next-generation integrating circuit electronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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13 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
How Hydrodynamic Phonon Transport Determines the Convergence of Thermal Conductivity in Two-Dimensional Materials
by Jianhui Jiang, Shuang Lu, Yulou Ouyang and Jie Chen
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(16), 2854; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162854 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1962
Abstract
The phonon Boltzmann transport equation combined with first-principles calculation has achieved great success in exploring the lattice thermal conductivity (κ) of various materials. However, the convergence of the predicted κ is a critical issue, leading to quite scattered results recorded in [...] Read more.
The phonon Boltzmann transport equation combined with first-principles calculation has achieved great success in exploring the lattice thermal conductivity (κ) of various materials. However, the convergence of the predicted κ is a critical issue, leading to quite scattered results recorded in the literature, even for the same material. In this paper, we explore the origin for the convergence of thermal conductivity in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Two kinds of typical 2D materials, graphene and silicene, are studied, and the bulk silicon is also compared as a control system for a three-dimensional material. The effect of the cutoff radius (rc) in the third-order interatomic force constants on κ is studied for these three materials. It is found that that κ of these three materials exhibits diverse convergence behaviors with respect to rc, which coincides very well with the strength of hydrodynamic phonon transport. By further analyzing the phonon lifetime and scattering rates, we reveal that the dominance of the normal scattering process gives rise to the hydrodynamic phonon transport in both graphene and silicene, which results in long-range interaction and a large lifetime of low-frequency flexural acoustic phonons, while the same phenomenon is absent in bulk silicon. Our study highlights the importance of long-range interaction associated with hydrodynamic phonon transport in determining the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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22 pages, 3815 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of the Linker Length on Heat Transport in Metal–Organic Frameworks
by Sandro Wieser, Tomas Kamencek, Rochus Schmid, Natalia Bedoya-Martínez and Egbert Zojer
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2142; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132142 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a highly versatile group of porous materials suitable for a broad range of applications, which often crucially depend on the MOFs’ heat transport properties. Nevertheless, detailed relationships between the chemical structure of MOFs and their thermal conductivities are still [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a highly versatile group of porous materials suitable for a broad range of applications, which often crucially depend on the MOFs’ heat transport properties. Nevertheless, detailed relationships between the chemical structure of MOFs and their thermal conductivities are still largely missing. To lay the foundations for developing such relationships, we performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to analyze heat transport in a selected set of materials. In particular, we focus on the impact of organic linkers, the inorganic nodes and the interfaces between them. To obtain reliable data, great care was taken to generate and thoroughly benchmark system-specific force fields building on ab-initio-based reference data. To systematically separate the different factors arising from the complex structures of MOF, we also studied a series of suitably designed model systems. Notably, besides the expected trend that longer linkers lead to a reduction in thermal conductivity due to an increase in porosity, they also cause an increase in the interface resistance between the different building blocks of the MOFs. This is relevant insofar as the interface resistance dominates the total thermal resistance of the MOF. Employing suitably designed model systems, it can be shown that this dominance of the interface resistance is not the consequence of the specific, potentially weak, chemical interactions between nodes and linkers. Rather, it is inherent to the framework structures of the MOFs. These findings improve our understanding of heat transport in MOFs and will help in tailoring the thermal conductivities of MOFs for specific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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16 pages, 4903 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Analysis of Nanostructured Material Flow over an Exponentially Stretching Surface: A Comparative Study
by Mubashar Arshad, Azad Hussain, Ali Hassan, Ilyas Khan, Mohamed Badran, Sadok Mehrez, Ashraf Elfasakhany, Thabet Abdeljawad and Ahmed M. Galal
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071204 - 4 Apr 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2025
Abstract
The objective of the present research is to obtain enhanced heat and reduce skin friction rates. Different nanofluids are employed over an exponentially stretching surface to analyze the heat transfer coefficients. The mathematical model for the problem has been derived with the help [...] Read more.
The objective of the present research is to obtain enhanced heat and reduce skin friction rates. Different nanofluids are employed over an exponentially stretching surface to analyze the heat transfer coefficients. The mathematical model for the problem has been derived with the help of the Rivilin–Erickson tensor and an appropriate boundary layer approximation theory. The current problem has been tackled with the help of the boundary value problem algorithm in Matlab. The convergence criterion, or tolerance for this particular problem, is set at 10−6. The outcomes are obtained to demonstrate the characteristics of different parameters, such as the temperature exponent, volume fraction, and stretching ratio parameter graphically. Silver-water nanofluid proved to have a high-temperature transfer rate when compared with zinc-water and copper-water nanofluid. Moreover, the outcomes of the study are validated by providing a comparison with already published work. The results of this study were found to be in complete agreement with those of Magyari and Keller and also with Lui for heat transfer. The novelty of this work is the comparative inspection of enhanced heat transfer rates and reduced drag and lift coefficients, particularly for three nanofluids, namely, zinc-water, copper-water, and silver-water, over an exponentially stretching. In general, this study suggests more frequent exploitation of all the examined nanofluids, especially Ag-water nanofluid. Moreover, specifically under the obtained outcomes in this research, the examined nanofluid, Ag-water, has great potential to be used in flat plate solar collectors. Ag-water can also be tested in natural convective flat plate solar collector systems under real solar effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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55 pages, 12539 KiB  
Article
Nanofluid Heat Transfer: Enhancement of the Heat Transfer Coefficient inside Microchannels
by Kevin Apmann, Ryan Fulmer, Branden Scherer, Sawyer Good, Jake Wohld and Saeid Vafaei
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12040615 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3296
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a connector between two microchannels, for the first time. A brief literature review is provided to offer a better understanding on the impacts of concentration and the characteristics of nanoparticles on thermal [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a connector between two microchannels, for the first time. A brief literature review is provided to offer a better understanding on the impacts of concentration and the characteristics of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity, viscosity, and, consequently, the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels. The given literature review aims to help engineer nanofluids to enhance the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels. In this research, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were introduced into the base liquid to enhance the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels and to provide a better understanding of the impact of the connector between two microchannels. It was observed that the connector has a significant impact on enhancing the heat transfer coefficient inside the second microchannel, by increasing the level of randomness of molecules and particles prior to entering the second channel. The connector would act to refresh the memory of the fluid before entering the second channel, and as a result, the heat transfer coefficient in the second channel would start at a maximum value. Therefore, the overall heat transfer coefficient in both microchannels would increase for given conditions. The impacts of the Reynolds number and introducing nanoparticles in the base liquid on effects induced by the connector were investigated, suggesting that both factors play a significant role on the connector’s impact on the heat transfer coefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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9 pages, 1550 KiB  
Article
Thermal Conductivity of VO2 Nanowires at Metal-Insulator Transition Temperature
by Da Li, Qilang Wang and Xiangfan Xu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2428; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092428 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2869
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanowires endowed with a dramatic metal−insulator transition have attracted enormous attention. Here, the thermal conductance of VO2 nanowires with different sizes, measured using the thermal bridge method, is reported. A size-dependent thermal conductivity was observed where the [...] Read more.
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanowires endowed with a dramatic metal−insulator transition have attracted enormous attention. Here, the thermal conductance of VO2 nanowires with different sizes, measured using the thermal bridge method, is reported. A size-dependent thermal conductivity was observed where the thicker nanowire showed a higher thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity jump at metal−insulator transition temperature was measured to be much higher in the thicker samples. The dominant heat carriers were phonons both at the metallic and the insulating regimes in the measured samples, which may result from the coexistence of metal and insulator phases at high temperature. Our results provide a window into exploring the mechanism of the metal−insulator transition of VO2 nanowires. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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Review

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22 pages, 3936 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials for Thermal Management of High-Power Electronics
by Wenkui Xing, Yue Xu, Chengyi Song and Tao Deng
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3365; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193365 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 9363
Abstract
With the increased level of integration and miniaturization of modern electronics, high-power density electronics require efficient heat dissipation per unit area. To improve the heat dissipation capability of high-power electronic systems, advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity and low interfacial [...] Read more.
With the increased level of integration and miniaturization of modern electronics, high-power density electronics require efficient heat dissipation per unit area. To improve the heat dissipation capability of high-power electronic systems, advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity and low interfacial thermal resistance are urgently needed in the structural design of advanced electronics. Metal-, carbon- and polymer-based TIMs can reach high thermal conductivity and are promising for heat dissipation in high-power electronics. This review article introduces the heat dissipation models, classification, performances and fabrication methods of advanced TIMs, and provides a summary of the recent research status and developing trends of micro- and nanoscale TIMs used for heat dissipation in high-power electronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Nanostructured Materials)
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