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Nanomaterials
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2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics
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2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 4014

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qingwei Zhou

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Guest Editor
College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: nano-photonics; 2D materials; metamaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhihong Zhu

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Guest Editor
1. College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: 2D materials; nanophotonics; plasmonics; metamaterials and metasurfaces; photonic integrated circuits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chucai Guo

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Guest Editor
College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: nano-photonics; 2D materials; metamaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Compared to traditional materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit many unique and fascinating properties. Quantum confinement perpendicular to the 2D plane leads to new electronic and optical properties, such as relativistic carrier transport, indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions, and valley-polarized light coupling. The extremely small thickness allows for significant control of carrier density through electrostatic gating. The naturally passivated surfaces and weak interlayer bonding make it easy to integrate 2D materials with different types of systems. In this way, 2D materials have received widespread attention in optoelectronic and photonic applications. However, the atomic thickness of 2D materials results in poor light absorption performance, presenting a significant challenge for practical applications. To address this bottleneck issue, considerable efforts have been made to combine 2D materials with metamaterials and metasurfaces to enhance light absorption efficiency. Metamaterial-based waveguides, microcavities, photonic crystals, and plasmonic structures have been demonstrated to significantly enhance the light absorption of 2D materials.

This present Special Issue of Nanomaterials is aimed at presenting the current state-of-the-art in application of 2D materials combined with metamaterials in photonics and optoelectronics, which includes the design and fabrication of materials and devices, experimental characterization and computational modeling studies, as well as exploitation in devices and practical applications.

Dr. Qingwei Zhou
Prof. Dr. Zhihong Zhu
Prof. Dr. Chucai Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • two-dimensional materials
  • metamaterials
  • metasurfaces
  • optoelectronics
  • photonics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1133 KiB  
Article
Near-Infrared to T-Ray Frequency Conversion Using Kagome Photonic Crystal Resonators
by Deepika Tyagi, Vijay Laxmi, Ahsan Irshad, Abida Parveen, Mehboob Alam, Yibin Tian and Zhengbiao Ouyang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(9), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15090663 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 128
Abstract
Kagome lattices have attracted significant research interest due to their unique interplay of geometry, topology, and material properties. They provide deep insights into strongly correlated electron systems, novel quantum phases, and advanced material designs, making them fundamental in condensed matter physics and material [...] Read more.
Kagome lattices have attracted significant research interest due to their unique interplay of geometry, topology, and material properties. They provide deep insights into strongly correlated electron systems, novel quantum phases, and advanced material designs, making them fundamental in condensed matter physics and material engineering. This work presents an efficient method for terahertz (THz) wave generation across the entire THz spectrum, leveraging high-quality-factor Kagome-shaped silicon photonic crystal resonators. In the proposed simulation-based approach, an infrared (IR) single-frequency wave interacts with an induced resonance mode within the resonator, producing a THz beat frequency. This beat note is then converted into a standalone THz radiation (T-ray) wave using an amplitude demodulator. Simulations confirm the feasibility of our method, demonstrating that a conventional single-frequency wave can induce resonance and generate a stable beat frequency. The proposed technique is highly versatile, extending beyond THz generation to frequency conversion in electronics, optics, and acoustics, among other domains. Its high efficiency, compact design, and broad applicability offer a promising solution to challenges in THz technology. Furthermore, our findings establish a foundation for precise frequency manipulation, unlocking new possibilities in signal processing, sensing, detection, and communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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8 pages, 2553 KiB  
Communication
In Situ Observation of the Thermal Behavior of Graphene on Insulating and Metal Substrates
by Mikihiro Kato and Xinwei Zhao
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(7), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15070557 - 5 Apr 2025
Viewed by 285
Abstract
In general, graphene is known to be thermally stable. In this study, we analyzed the Raman spectra of graphene prepared on copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as well as monolayer and multilayer graphene transferred onto SiO2 under [...] Read more.
In general, graphene is known to be thermally stable. In this study, we analyzed the Raman spectra of graphene prepared on copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as well as monolayer and multilayer graphene transferred onto SiO2 under vacuum heating. We observed a shift in the position of the graphene G peak due to temperature changes for all substrates. For graphene on insulating substrates, the peak position returned to its original position after heating when the substrate returned to room temperature, indicating the thermal and chemical stability of graphene. In contrast, the Raman spectra of graphene on Cu and Ni, which have different carbon solubilities, showed significant shifts and broadening of the G peak as the temperature increased. We also utilized optical microscopy to observe morphological changes during heating, which complemented the Raman spectroscopy analysis. The optical microscopy images obtained in the previous study revealed morphological changes on the graphene surface that correlate with the shifts observed in the Raman spectra, especially in graphene on metal substrates. These combined findings from Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy could provide insights for optimizing graphene growth processes. In addition, knowledge of the thermal behavior of graphene on insulating substrates could be useful for device construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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11 pages, 10115 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulations of Single-Step Holographic Interferometry for Split-Ring Metamaterial Fabrication
by Zhiming Qi and Wenyao Liang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15020086 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Artificial microstructures, especially metamaterials, have garnered increasing attention in numerous applications due to their rich and distinctive properties. Starting from the principle of multi-beam interference, we have theoretically devised a beam configuration consisting of six symmetrically distributed coherent beams to generate two-dimensional microstructures [...] Read more.
Artificial microstructures, especially metamaterials, have garnered increasing attention in numerous applications due to their rich and distinctive properties. Starting from the principle of multi-beam interference, we have theoretically devised a beam configuration consisting of six symmetrically distributed coherent beams to generate two-dimensional microstructures with diverse shapes of unitcells under different polarization combinations. In particular, a split-ring metamaterial template is achieved with two adjacent circularly and four linearly polarized beams with such single-step holographic interferometry. Furthermore, simulation results show that the orientation and shape of the split-ring unitcell can be accurately adjusted by controlling the polarization position, polarization degree, or power ratio of the coherent beams. The optimal parameters to produce a high-quality split-ring metamaterial with a contrast higher than 0.97 are obtained. These results provide useful guidance for the effective and low-cost fabrication of metamaterials with diverse unitcells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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9 pages, 3629 KiB  
Article
Extended One-Way Waveguide States of Large-Area Propagation in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals
by Xiaobin Li, Chao Yan, Zhi-Yuan Li and Wenyao Liang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(22), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14221790 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 997
Abstract
We propose extended one-way waveguide states of large-area propagation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of two honeycomb gyromagnetic photonic crystals with opposite external magnetic fields. When the width of the waveguide is small enough, the edge states along both boundaries of the [...] Read more.
We propose extended one-way waveguide states of large-area propagation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of two honeycomb gyromagnetic photonic crystals with opposite external magnetic fields. When the width of the waveguide is small enough, the edge states along both boundaries of the waveguide couple with each other strongly and thus create the so-called extended one-way waveguide states. Of note, this structure supports both even and odd extended states, which can be excited under different excitation conditions. For the odd mode, electromagnetic waves have opposite phase distributions along the centerline of the waveguide on both sides, while for the even mode, they have in-phase distributions on both sides. In addition, the odd and the even modes both have the large-area propagating property. Moreover, we have carried out a microwave experiment to verify the simulation results. The measured transmission spectrum shows that the structure has strong non-reciprocity, and the measured electric field distributions of the even and odd modes prove that it supports excellent large-area transmission behaviors. These results provide feasible ideas for achieving topological high-throughput transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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10 pages, 4047 KiB  
Article
Photonic Weyl Waveguide and Saddle-Chips-like Modes
by Hanyu Wang, Wei Xu, Zhihong Zhu and Biao Yang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(7), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070620 - 1 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1537
Abstract
Topological Weyl semimetals are characterized by open Fermi arcs on their terminal surfaces, these materials not only changed accepted concepts of the Fermi loop but also enabled many exotic phenomena, such as one-way propagation. The key prerequisite is that the two terminal surfaces [...] Read more.
Topological Weyl semimetals are characterized by open Fermi arcs on their terminal surfaces, these materials not only changed accepted concepts of the Fermi loop but also enabled many exotic phenomena, such as one-way propagation. The key prerequisite is that the two terminal surfaces have to be well separated, i.e., the Fermi arcs are not allowed to couple with each other. Thus, their interaction was overlooked before. Here, we consider coupled Fermi arcs and propose a Weyl planar waveguide, wherein we found a saddle-chips-like hybridized guiding mode. The hybridized modes consist of three components: surface waves from the top and bottom surfaces and bulk modes inside the Weyl semimetal. The contribution of these three components to the hybridized mode appears to be z-position-dependent rather than uniform. Beyond the conventional waveguide framework, those non-trivial surface states, with their arc-type band structures, exhibit strong selectivity in propagation direction, providing an excellent platform for waveguides. Compared with the conventional waveguide, the propagation direction of hybridized modes exhibits high z-position-dependency. For example, when the probe plane shifts from the top interface to the bottom interface, the component propagating horizontally becomes dimmer, while the component propagating vertically becomes brighter. Experimentally, we drilled periodic holes in metal plates to sandwich an ideal Weyl meta-crystal and characterize the topological guiding mode. Our study shows the intriguing behaviors of topological photonic waveguides, which could lead to beam manipulation, position sensing, and even 3D information processing on photonic chip. The Weyl waveguide also provides a platform for studying the coupling and the interaction between surface and bulk states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials and Metamaterials in Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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