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Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Micropollutants and Degradation Dynamics

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2007

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
Interests: degradation of pharmaceutics; activated sludge; microbial functional diversity; biosorption of xenobiotics; toxicity of pharmaceutics to microorganisms

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Guest Editor
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
Interests: aromatic compounds; biodegradation; immobilization; oxygenases; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; bacteria; bacterial fatty acids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of medicine, pharmaceutical production and consumption have increased yearly. Since they are not broken down in the bodies of humans and animals treated pharmacologically, they eventually end up in sewage and the environment. The list of drugs identified in water and soil is constantly expanding. Although they are detected at micro concentrations, pharmaceuticals as biologically active compounds can threaten the proper functioning of biocenoses. We encourage researchers to submit original research papers and review articles, stimulating further efforts to develop strategies to reduce environmental pollution with pharmaceuticals and help to remove them from contaminated sites.

Topics of interest in the Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment;
  • Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as effective methods for pharmaceutical removal;
  • Sewage treatment processes (STPs) for pharmaceutical removal;
  • Development of new methods for enhanced pharmaceutical degradation;
  • Biotransformation and biodegradation of pharmaceuticals;
  • Analysis of bioproducts from physicochemical and biological conversions of pharmaceuticals.

Dr. Agnieszka Nowak
Dr. Urszula Guzik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmaceuticals
  • microorganisms
  • toxicity
  • micropollutants
  • biodegradation
  • biotransformation
  • advanced oxidation processes
  • analysis
  • intermediate identification
  • chromatography

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

33 pages, 3012 KB  
Review
β-Blockers in the Environment: Challenges in Understanding Their Persistence and Ecological Impact
by Anna Dzionek
Molecules 2025, 30(23), 4630; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234630 - 2 Dec 2025
Viewed by 214
Abstract
β-blockers are among the most highly consumed cardiovascular drugs worldwide, resulting in their classification as persistent and bioactive pharmaceutical pollutants. This review provides a mechanistically oriented synthesis of their environmental release, stereochemical and matrix-dependent transformation, biotic and abiotic degradation, and the ecotoxicological significance [...] Read more.
β-blockers are among the most highly consumed cardiovascular drugs worldwide, resulting in their classification as persistent and bioactive pharmaceutical pollutants. This review provides a mechanistically oriented synthesis of their environmental release, stereochemical and matrix-dependent transformation, biotic and abiotic degradation, and the ecotoxicological significance of their degradation products. Wastewater treatment plants are identified as the primary, yet variably efficient, emission sources to aquatic systems. Molecular structure, chirality, and interactions with environmental matrices are highlighted as key factors influencing transformation behaviour and residue persistence. Current evidence indicates that β-blockers and several transformation products retain pharmacological activity, driving organism- and community-level effects at environmentally relevant exposures. Major limitations in the field stem from methodological heterogeneity and uneven regional and temporal coverage, which continue to weaken long-term risk evaluation. By unifying analytical chemistry, pharmacological mechanistics, and environmental toxicology evidence, this review advances the narrative from descriptive occurrence reports toward systematic evaluation of transformation product persistence, mechanism-dependent residue stability, and their ecological implications. Full article
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44 pages, 2702 KB  
Review
An Integrative Approach to Hazardous Effects Caused by Pharmaceutical Contaminants on Aquatic Effluents
by Irina Meghea, Daniela Simina Stefan, Florina Ioniţă, Mihai Lesnic and Ana-Maria Manea-Saghin
Molecules 2025, 30(17), 3483; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173483 - 25 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1345
Abstract
This study presents a general overview of the important problem of pharmaceutical pollutants, aiming to draw attention to the global danger they represent and the need for concrete solutions for their remediation. Here, we summarize the available advanced knowledge on the occurrence and [...] Read more.
This study presents a general overview of the important problem of pharmaceutical pollutants, aiming to draw attention to the global danger they represent and the need for concrete solutions for their remediation. Here, we summarize the available advanced knowledge on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, particularly in water effluents, since they need a special approach when one takes into account the increasing consumption of medicines by both humans and animals, that might be discharged in aqueous systems and bio-accumulated in aquatic flora and fauna. This review details the presence of pharmaceutical wastes in water sources; their trajectories from production to consumption and release in household taps; their concentrations in natural water; methods for monitoring them; their risks; and their worldwide impacts. Adequate methods and advanced removal techniques for selected contaminants or classes of pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, together with their remediation potential and strategies. Local and global limiting proposals for these types of contaminants and concrete solutions for their remediation are recommended. Full article
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