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Characterization and Instrumental Analysis of Aroma-Active Compounds in Fermented Food and Beverage, the Third Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Flavours and Fragrances".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 436

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Guest Editor
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: volatile analysis; beer and hop aroma; liquor aroma; grape and wine aroma; grape and wine polyphenols; wine quality
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fermented food products are experiencing a renewed interest, mainly driven by numerous inherent health benefits, and are being promoted to prevent diseases, from obesity to cancer. For instance, Kefir reduces lactose intolerance symptoms, stimulates the immune system, and lowers cholesterol (Guzel-Seydim et al., 2011).

On 8 July 2022, CISION PR Newswire (https://www.prnewswire.com/) stated, “The naturally fermented food market size is set to grow by USD 2.05 billion from 2021 to 2026. The report projects the market to progress at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 7.93%, as per the latest market report by Technavio. 43% of the market's growth will originate from North America during the forecast period”.

There are many types of fermented food, including beer, wine, liquors, and recently popular kombucha, as well as kimchi, sauerkraut, cheeses, sausage, yogurt, miso, natto, pickled vegetables, and various kinds of vinegar and soy sauces. Fermentation is an essential process for the production of fermented food, as well as a natural flavor enhancement. As is well known, aroma compounds are primarily derived from fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates with straight‐chain, branched‐chain, and cyclic structures, as well as nitrogen and sulfur. During fermentation, microbial metabolization breaks down large, less flavorful compounds into smaller molecules; microbes further amplify existing flavors, expand the depth of flavor, and develop new and nuanced flavors. Thus, the complexity of the matrix of fermented food makes their volatile analysis highly dynamic and challenging. Therefore, highly sophisticated techniques involved in extraction and enrichment, separation, and sensitive and selective detection are required for the reliable determination of odorants in this complex matrix system. The Special Issue will cover a wide range of topics related to aroma characterization and analysis in fermented foods, including, but not limited to, advances in sample preparation (dynamic headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), stir bar and thin-film sorptive extraction, etc.); the new development of column chemistry and separation science; multi-dimensional gas chromatographs coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS); and other detection techniques.

Reference

Guzel-Seydim, Z. B., Kok-Tas, T., Greene, A. K., & Seydim, A. C. (2011). Review: Functional Properties of Kefir. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390903579029.

Dr. Yanping L. Qian
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fermentation
  • fermented food production
  • fermented food flavor
  • aroma characterization
  • gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactory (GC-MS/O)
  • sensorial properties
  • HS-SPME
  • stir bar and thin-film sorptive extraction

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 5761 KB  
Article
Interaction and Flavor Metabolic Function of Microbiota During Fermentation of Pigskin Through Bioaugmentation with Latilactobacillus sakei
by Qi Wang, Lili Ji, Xiaoshan Dong, Shufan Zhang, Kunyi Liu and Jia Zheng
Molecules 2026, 31(11), 1889; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31111889 - 1 Jun 2026
Viewed by 220
Abstract
Pigskin, a major byproduct of pork processing, has high protein content and low fat, endowing it with considerable market value for food applications. In this study, bioaugmented fermentation with Latilactobacillus sakei YBZY-W5, a strain previously isolated from traditional fermented pigskin, was applied to [...] Read more.
Pigskin, a major byproduct of pork processing, has high protein content and low fat, endowing it with considerable market value for food applications. In this study, bioaugmented fermentation with Latilactobacillus sakei YBZY-W5, a strain previously isolated from traditional fermented pigskin, was applied to pigskin to systematically evaluate its effects on physicochemical parameters, microbial community succession, and volatile flavor compound (VFC) profiles over 20 days. The results showed that moisture and pH significantly decreased, while total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) increased with fermentation time. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Lactobacilli, Fusarium and Aspergillus dominated early fermentation and were gradually replaced by Bacillus, Hanseniaspora and Debaryomyces. A total of 493 VFCs were identified, among which terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, and alcohols were the most abundant classes. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified numerous differentially changed VFCs (DCVFCs) during fermentation. Odor activity value (OAV) analysis indicated that green, meaty, and woody notes dominated initially, while sour, floral, sweet, and fruity characteristics became increasingly prominent after fermentation. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between key microorganisms (Lactobacilli, Bacillus, Hanseniaspora, Debaryomyces) and DCVFCs (e.g., β-myrcene, ethyl hexanoate, hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, pyrazines). Collectively, bioaugmented fermentation with Ltb. sakei YBZY-W5 effectively modulated the physicochemical and microbial profiles of pigskin, enriched desirable flavor compounds, and reduced unpleasant odor, confirming its feasibility for producing high-quality fermented pigskin products. This study provides an experimental basis for the value-added utilization of pigskin and promotes sustainable development of the pork industry. Full article
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