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Metallic Nanoclusters and Their Interaction with Light

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 5461

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Bd. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: nanomaterials; nanostructured drug delivery systems; microemulsions; functional surfaces; nanocoatings; polymer–surfactant complexes; superhydrophobic materials; plasmonic nanoparticles
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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: nanomaterials; photophysical properties; silver nanoclusters; metastable materials; transition metal dichalcogenides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tremendous interest in metallic nanoclusters has arisen throughout the years due to their peculiar character, at the interface between molecules and particles, and with the band structure of nanoclusters breaking down into discrete energy levels. For this reason, the interaction between light and metallic nanoclusters is a hot topic in research today.

Gold and silver nanoclusters have already been proven to be good candidates for imaging, therapy, and theranostics; copper nanoclusters have been successfully used in hydrogenation reactions, while iron nanoclusters were recently shown to have enhanced catalytic activity in the removal of pollutants from water. Therefore, the interaction between light and metallic nanoclusters gives rise to various potential applications in catalysis, green chemistry, imaging, and therapy.

The aim of this Special Issue of Molecules is to present a selection of research papers and reviews exemplifying the various interactions between light and metallic nanoclusters and their applications. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Synthesis of metallic nanoclusters with advanced photophysical properties;
  • Photophysical characterization of metallic nanoclusters, as well as structure–properties or composition–properties relationships;
  • Theoretical or experimental studies on the interaction between metallic nanoclusters and light;
  • Applications based on the interaction between metallic nanoclusters and light, such as photocatalysis, imaging, phototherapy, photothermal therapy, and photoswitches.

Dr. Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
Guest Editor

Dr. Vlad Neacșu
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • nanoclusters
  • photophysics
  • photocatalysis
  • imaging
  • phototherapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2412 KB  
Article
Cytocompatible FRET Assembly of CdTe@GSH Quantum Dots and Au@BSA Nanoclusters: A Novel Ratiometric Strategy for Dopamine Detection
by Arturo Iván Pavón-Hernández, Doris Ramírez-Herrera, Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez, Manuel Alatorre-Meda, Miguel Ramos-Heredia, Antonio Tirado-Guízar and Georgina Pina-Luis
Molecules 2025, 30(21), 4169; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214169 - 23 Oct 2025
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Abstract
This study presents a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between glutathione (GSH)-coated CdTe quantum dots (CdTe/GSH QDs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated Au nanoclusters (AuNCs/BSA) for dopamine (DA) detection. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy [...] Read more.
This study presents a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between glutathione (GSH)-coated CdTe quantum dots (CdTe/GSH QDs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated Au nanoclusters (AuNCs/BSA) for dopamine (DA) detection. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Key FRET parameters, including energy transfer efficiency (E), donor–acceptor distance (r), Förster distance (R0), and the overlap integral (J), were determined. The interactions between the CdTe/GSH-AuNCs/BSA conjugate and DA were investigated, revealing a dual mechanism of QDs fluorescence quenching that involves both energy and electron transfer. The average lifetime values and spectral profiles of CdTe/GSH QDs, both in the absence and presence of DA, suggest a dynamic fluorescence quenching process. The variation in the ratiometric signal with increasing DA concentration demonstrated a linear response within the range of 0–250 µM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9963 and a detection limit of 6.9 nM. This proposed nanosensor exhibited selectivity against potential interfering substances, including urea, glucose, BSA, GSH, citric acid, and metal ions such as Na+ and Ca2+. The conjugate also demonstrates excellent cytocompatibility and enhances cell proliferation in HeLa epithelial cells, making it suitable for biological applications. It was successfully employed for DA detection in urine samples, achieving recoveries ranging from 99.1% to 104.2%. The sensor is highly sensitive, selective, rapid, and cost-effective, representing a promising alternative for DA detection across various sample types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Nanoclusters and Their Interaction with Light)
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22 pages, 3175 KB  
Article
Understanding the Light-Driven Enhancement of CO2 Hydrogenation over Ru/TiO2 Catalysts
by Yibin Bu, Kasper Wenderich, Nathália Tavares Costa, Kees-Jan C. J. Weststrate, Annemarie Huijser and Guido Mul
Molecules 2025, 30(12), 2577; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30122577 - 13 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
Ru/TiO2 catalysts are well known for their high activity in the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 (the Sabatier reaction). This activity is commonly attributed to strong metal–support interactions (SMSIs), associated with reducible oxide layers partly covering the Ru-metal particles. Moreover, [...] Read more.
Ru/TiO2 catalysts are well known for their high activity in the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 (the Sabatier reaction). This activity is commonly attributed to strong metal–support interactions (SMSIs), associated with reducible oxide layers partly covering the Ru-metal particles. Moreover, isothermal rates of formation of CH4 can be significantly enhanced by the exposure of Ru/TiO2 to light of UV/visible wavelengths, even at relatively low intensities. In this study, we confirm the significant enhancement in the rate of formation of methane in the conversion of CO2, e.g., at 200 °C from ~1.2 mol gRu−1·h−1 to ~1.8 mol gRu−1·h−1 by UV/Vis illumination of a hydrogen-treated Ru/TiOx catalyst. The activation energy does not change upon illumination—the rate enhancement coincides with a temperature increase of approximately 10 °C in steady state (flow) conditions. In-situ DRIFT experiments, performed in batch mode, demonstrate that the Ru–CO absorption frequency is shifted and the intensity reduced by combined UV/Vis illumination in the temperature range of 200–350 °C, which is more significant than can be explained by temperature enhancement alone. Moreover, exposing the catalyst to either UV (predominantly exciting TiO2) or visible illumination (exclusively exciting Ru) at small intensities leads to very similar effects on Ru–CO IR intensities, formed in situ by exposure to CO2. This further confirms that the temperature increase is likely not the only explanation for the enhancement in the reaction rates. Rather, as corroborated by photophysical studies reported in the literature, we propose that illumination induces changes in the electron density of Ru partly covered by a thin layer of TiOx, lowering the CO coverage, and thus enhancing the methane formation rate upon illumination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Nanoclusters and Their Interaction with Light)
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Review

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39 pages, 4595 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in Metal Nanoclusters: From Novel Synthesis to Emerging Applications
by Alexandru-Milentie Hada, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, Monica Focsan and Simion Astilean
Molecules 2025, 30(19), 3848; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193848 - 23 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
Metallic nanoclusters (NCs), composed of a few to a hundred atoms, occupy a unique space between molecules and nanoparticles, exhibiting discrete electronic states, strong photoluminescence, and size-dependent catalytic activity. Their ultrasmall cores (<3 nm) and ligand-controlled surfaces confer tunable optical, electronic, and catalytic [...] Read more.
Metallic nanoclusters (NCs), composed of a few to a hundred atoms, occupy a unique space between molecules and nanoparticles, exhibiting discrete electronic states, strong photoluminescence, and size-dependent catalytic activity. Their ultrasmall cores (<3 nm) and ligand-controlled surfaces confer tunable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties, making them attractive for diverse applications. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward developing faster, more reproducible, and scalable synthesis routes beyond classical wet-chemical reduction. Emerging strategies such as microwave-, photochemical-, sonochemical-, and catalytically assisted syntheses, together with smart, automation-driven platforms, have improved efficiency, structural control, and environmental compatibility. These advances have accelerated the deployment of NCs in imaging, sensing, and catalysis. Near-infrared emitting NCs enable deep-tissue, high-contrast fluorescence imaging, while theranostic platforms combine diagnostic precision with photothermal or photodynamic therapy, gene delivery, and anti-inflammatory treatment. NC-based sensors allow ultrasensitive detection of ions, small molecules, and pathogens, and atomically precise NCs have enabled efficient CO2 reduction, water splitting, and nitrogen fixation. Therefore, in this review, we highlight studies reported in the past five years on the synthesis and applications of metallic NCs, linking emerging methodologies to their functional potential in nanotechnology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Nanoclusters and Their Interaction with Light)
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