molecules-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Potentially Toxic Elements in Contaminated Water: Green Remediation Strategies

A Special Issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049) belonging to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1118

Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Interests: potentially toxic elements; waters; soils; atmospheric particulate matter; spectroscopic techniques; ICP-OES; ICP-MS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
Interests: analytical chemistry; particulate matter; PM10, metals; polar regions; ICP-MS, ICP-OES; isotopic analysis; elemental analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The occurrence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including As, Cd, Hg and Pb, in the environment represents an issue of global concern for aquatic systems, with a general decline in environmental quality in both freshwater and marine systems, posing risks to the health of communities that strongly rely on them.

Over the past five decades, the global water demand has tripled, driven by demographic growth and industrialization. However, this rapid increase in the uptake of water has not been accompanied by a similar improvement in infrastructures designed to ensure the quality of effluents that return to rivers, lakes, or seas. Moreover, water quality is frequently threatened by multiple pollution sources, and conventional treatment systems struggle to remove such a broad spectrum of contaminants, thus limiting clean water sources.

In recent years, knowledge of green remediation technologies for PTE-contaminated waters and wastewaters has rapidly grown, and at present, many treatment processes appear to be demonstrably feasible at the field scale. Innovative, eco-friendly, and economically feasible strategies have been developed and successfully applied. Among these are processes based on bioremediation (using microbes, plants, algae), biosorption (microbial surface binding), the use of biochar, natural or synthesized sorbents from waste materials and/or industrial by-products, and nanomaterials, and green amendments like calcined clay for metal stabilization. To reduce the environmental impact of these technologies, they are often integrated with renewable energy and smart technologies for sustainable, low-cost cleanup of real aquatic systems.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring the development of green technologies without creating new waste by-products and increasing energy demand, tackling the issue of remediation of PTE-contaminated waters and wastewaters. Survey papers and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Mery Malandrino
Dr. Stefano Bertinetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • potentially toxic elements
  • waters
  • wastewaters
  • green remediation strategies
  • pollution
  • water quality

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

17 pages, 876 KB  
Article
Efficiency Assessment of Fenton-Based Pre-Treatment of Medical Wastewater Using Fe, Cu, and Mn Catalysts—Impact on the Aquatic Environment
by Andrzej R. Reindl, Maciej Tankiewicz, Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska and Lidia Wolska
Molecules 2026, 31(6), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31061060 - 23 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 769
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficiency and ecotoxicological impact of the Fenton oxidation process with different metal-based catalysts (FeSO4, CuSO4, MnSO4) in removing pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants from real hospital wastewater. All catalytic systems achieved high oxidation, with [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the efficiency and ecotoxicological impact of the Fenton oxidation process with different metal-based catalysts (FeSO4, CuSO4, MnSO4) in removing pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants from real hospital wastewater. All catalytic systems achieved high oxidation, with COD reduction reaching 81–89% after 4 h. Two complementary approaches were applied: targeted LC-MS/MS quantification of a model mixture of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals, and untargeted GC-MS/MS screening method for assessing the overall organic contaminant profile. Toxicity was assessed using Microtox®. Targeted analysis showed complete or near-complete degradation of β-lactams, tetracyclines and most sulfonamides, with slightly lower removal for sulfamethoxazole in FeSO4 system (96%). Fluoroquinolones and selected pharmaceuticals, such as caffeine and propranolol were more resistant, particularly with CuSO4 and MnSO4 catalysts. The untargeted GC-MS/MS screening revealed the highest overall reduction in chromatographic peak areas for FeSO4 (70%), followed by MnSO4 (39%) and CuSO4 (36%). GC-MS/MS profiling confirmed that the Fe-catalyzed process was the most effective in reducing the total chromatographic peak area (70%). However, ecotoxicological assays revealed a significant increase in toxicity post-treatment, with growth inhibition of Allivibrio fischeri reaching 98%. This suggests that high oxidation does not directly correlate with biological safety, likely due to the presence of unconsumed reagents or the formation of transformation products with higher acute toxicity. These findings emphasize the necessity of integrating bioassays into treatment evaluation protocols to assess the true environmental risk of treated effluents. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Back to TopTop