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Heterocycles: Synthesis, Biological Activity, Pharmacokinetic Profiles, and Mechanism of Actions

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 3553

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: medicinal chemistry; chemical biology; drug design and discovery; anticancer; antimalarial; histone methyltransferase inhibitor; target protein degradation; CYP1B1 inhibitor

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
Interests: chemistry of DNA binding compounds; synthetic chemistry; organofluorine chemistry; heterocyclic chemistry; bioorganic and medicinal chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: drug design; medicinal chemistry; chemical biology; anticancer drugs; anti-infective drugs; enzyme inhibitors; protein–protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors; PROTACs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural and synthetic heterocycles have long been recognized for their diverse structural frameworks and significant pharmacological activities, making them privileged scaffolds in drug design and discovery. This Special Issue aims to scrutinize recent advancements in the synthesis, structural modification, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, and biological evaluation of heterocyclic compounds and/or heterocycle-based metal complexes. We invite contributions that present innovative synthetic methodologies, rational design strategies, lead optimization, novel heterocyclic scaffolds inspired by natural products, pharmacokinetic evaluations, and their applications in developing therapeutic agents for various human diseases, including cancer, malaria, bacterial/viral infections, neurodegenerative disorders, and more. Additionally, this Special Issue seeks to highlight emerging trends in mechanistic insights of heterocyclic compounds. Submissions may include original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and short communications that contribute to the expanding knowledge in this dynamic and ever-evolving field. We hope that this Special Issue will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and professionals involved in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and drug discovery.

Dr. Guang Huang
Prof. Dr. Lucjan Strekowski
Dr. Xin Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • heterocycles
  • privileged scaffold
  • inhibitors
  • metal complexes
  • biological activity
  • SAR
  • ADMET
  • drug design and discovery

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1445 KB  
Article
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Novel Hybrids of 7-Oxodehydroabietic Acid Bearing a 1,2,3-Triazole Moiety
by Wen-Tao Fang, Yong-Feng Lv, Fu-Cai Ren, Hong Zhang, Dong-Mei Xie, Xiao-Bo Zhang, Cheng-Wu Fang, Shou-Jin Liu and Han Luo
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030750 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1186
Abstract
To discover novel, potent anti-inflammatory diterpenoids, a series of hybrids of 7-oxodehydroabietic acid bearing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety was designed and synthesized. The target compounds were characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. All the compounds were evaluated for [...] Read more.
To discover novel, potent anti-inflammatory diterpenoids, a series of hybrids of 7-oxodehydroabietic acid bearing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety was designed and synthesized. The target compounds were characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity towards BV2 cell lines using L-NMMA (IC50 = 42.36 ± 2.47 µM) as a positive control. Most showed good anti-inflammatory activities, especially compounds 10 (IC50 = 8.40 ± 0.98 µM), 15 (IC50 = 10.74 ± 2.67 µM), 16 (IC50 = 10.96 ± 1.85 µM), and 17 (IC50 = 9.76 ± 1.27 µM), which exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects on BV2 cell lines. Full article
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Review

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59 pages, 6467 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones
by Zbigniew Malinowski
Molecules 2025, 30(18), 3729; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183729 - 13 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1796
Abstract
Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones are nitrogen heterocycles that have attracted considerable interest over many years due to their important biological and pharmacological properties. It has been shown that quinazolinone derivatives exhibit, e.g., analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Some of these compounds [...] Read more.
Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones are nitrogen heterocycles that have attracted considerable interest over many years due to their important biological and pharmacological properties. It has been shown that quinazolinone derivatives exhibit, e.g., analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Some of these compounds have found applications in medicine; for instance, Zydelig (Idelalisib) has been approved for the treatment of several types of blood cancers. Furthermore, the quinazolinone skeleton is an important structural moiety present in many naturally occurring alkaloids, such as Febrifugine, a potent anti-malarial agent. To date, numerous synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives. Among them, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as a powerful tool, allowing for the rapid and straightforward construction of the quinazolinone scaffold from readily available substrates. This review article presents a concise overview of selected strategies for synthesizing quinazolinone frameworks via one-pot MCRs. The reported methods are categorized into three main groups: metal-catalyzed reactions; isatoic-anhydride-based strategies, utilizing isatoic anhydride as a key starting material, and alternative approaches involving, among others, the utilization of N-(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles or aryldiazonium salts as efficient building materials. Full article
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