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Advances in Experimental Geochemistry of Silicate Melts, Fluids, and Minerals
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Advances in Experimental Geochemistry of Silicate Melts, Fluids, and Minerals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 March 2025) | Viewed by 3098

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Haibo Yan

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: experimental geochemistry; element geochemistry; the mobility of metal complexes in the fluids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xing Ding

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: water–rock interaction; element and isotope geochemistry; the hydrolysis behavior of metal complexes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Panlao Zhao

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Guest Editor
School of Earth Science and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: ore deposit of critical metals; high-temperature/pressure experiment; fluid–melt partition coefficient; geochemistry of volatiles during magma degassing
Dr. Deshui Yu

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Guest Editor
Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450006, China
Interests: element and isotope geochemistry; mineralogy; fluid evolution; ore-forming process; mineral processing; deposit genesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The geochemical properties of silicate melts, fluids, and minerals can offer crucial and effective insights into the evolution of magmas, the circulation of ore-forming materials, as well as the genesis of related ore deposits. Silicate melts are critical components in almost all igneous processes and can undergo chemical differentiation to form ultramafic-to-acidic rocks, which provides important information for the evolution of the crust–mantle area. Geological fluids are widely distributed throughout the bulk silicate Earth and serve as important transport media for ore-forming materials. As the carriers of ore-forming materials, minerals possess significant industrial value while also revealing valuable information about associated minerals and ores of interest. High-temperature and high-pressure experiments have long been essential in understanding the geochemistry of silicate melts, fluids, and minerals due to the irreproducibility of geological processes. This enables scholars to accurately decipher complicated magmatic or hydrothermal processes as well as the mechanisms behind the enrichment of ore-forming elements and mineralization. Therefore, experimental geochemistry involving silicate melts, fluids, and minerals can expand our knowledge regarding the Earth’s formation processes along with the distribution and circulation of materials, while also shedding light on the genesis of ore deposits. The developments in high-temperature and high-pressure experimental methods alongside high-precision analysis apparatuses (e.g., EMPA, TEM, μ-XRD, μ-XRF, Raman-AFM, SIMS, Nano-SIMS) have significantly contributed towards enhancing our understanding of the experimental geochemistry of silicate melts, fluids, and minerals. The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers and review articles that aim to address recent advances in the experimental geochemistry of silicate melts, fluids, and minerals, as well as their associated magmatic evolution, hydrothermal processes, and deposit genesis.

Dr. Haibo Yan
Dr. Xing Ding
Dr. Panlao Zhao
Dr. Deshui Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • experimental geochemistry
  • silicate melts
  • geological fluids
  • mineral association
  • high temperature and high pressure
  • ore deposit
  • magmatic evolution
  • metal transport

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1437 KiB  
Article
The Kinetic Control of Crystal Growth in Geological Reactions: An Example of Olivine–Ilmenite Assemblage
by Anastassia Y. Borisova, Kirill Lozovoy, Alessandro Pugliara, Teresa Hungria, Claudie Josse and Philippe de Parseval
Minerals 2025, 15(6), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15060569 - 27 May 2025
Abstract
The main constituent of the planetary lithosphere is the dominant silicate mineral, olivine α-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, which, along with associated minerals and the olivine-hosted inclusions, records the physical–chemical conditions during the crystal growth and transport to the planetary surface. However, there [...] Read more.
The main constituent of the planetary lithosphere is the dominant silicate mineral, olivine α-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, which, along with associated minerals and the olivine-hosted inclusions, records the physical–chemical conditions during the crystal growth and transport to the planetary surface. However, there is a lack of physical–chemical information regarding the kinetic factors that regulate crystal growth during melt–rock, fluid–rock, and magma–rock interactions. Here, we conducted an experimental reaction between hydrated peridotite rock and basaltic melt and coupled this with a structural and elemental analysis of the quenched products by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The quenched products revealed crystallographically oriented oxide nanocrystals of ilmenite (Fe,Mg)(Ti,Si)O3 that grew over the newly formed olivine in the boundary layer melt of the reaction zone. We established that the growth mechanism is epitaxial and is common to both experimental and natural systems. The kinetic model developed for shallow (<1 GPa) crystal growth requires open system conditions and the presence of melt or fluid. It implies that the current geodynamic models that consider natural ilmenite–olivine assemblage as a proxy for deep to ultra-deep (>>1 GPa) conditions should be revised. The resulting kinetic model has a wide range of geological implications—from disequilibrium mineral growth and olivine-hosted inclusion production to mantle metasomatism—and helps to clarify how geological reactions proceed at depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Experimental Geochemistry of Silicate Melts, Fluids, and Minerals)
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17 pages, 10900 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigations on the Dissolution Process of Dolomite by Sulfate-Rich Geothermal Water: A Case Study of the Shuijing Hot Springs in Guizhou Province
by Ke Yang, Li Zhou, Zhengshan Chen, Wei Zhang and Wenge Zhou
Minerals 2025, 15(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010009 - 26 Dec 2024
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Abstract
The dissolution of dolomite can not only provide the chemical components in hot springs but also provide a high-quality reservoir for geothermal resources. However, there is still debate about the main controlling factors and mechanisms of the dissolution process of dolomite. The Shuijing [...] Read more.
The dissolution of dolomite can not only provide the chemical components in hot springs but also provide a high-quality reservoir for geothermal resources. However, there is still debate about the main controlling factors and mechanisms of the dissolution process of dolomite. The Shuijing hot springs in Guizhou Province are rich in SO42− and the geothermal reservoir is dolomite, which provides an excellent opportunity to understand the role of SO42− in the dissolution process of dolomite. In this paper, water–rock interaction experiments were conducted at different temperatures to study the effects of SO42−, pH, and CO2 on the dissolution of dolomite from the Shuijing hot springs geothermal reservoir. The results indicate that temperature is a significant factor affecting the chemical composition of hot springs water, with higher temperatures having a more pronounced effect on the dissolution of dolomite. At lower temperatures of 25 °C and 90 °C, the molar ratio of the released Ca2+ and Mg2+ during the dissolution of dolomite in the initial reaction stage generally approaches the Ca/Mg molar ratio of dolomite, exhibiting congruent dissolution. However, at elevated temperatures of 150 °C, the released Ca/Mg molar ratio surpasses the Ca/Mg molar ratio of dolomite, demonstrating an incongruent dissolution characteristic with Ca2+ being preferentially released over Mg2+. Additionally, the relative importance of CO2, SO42− and pH on the dissolution degree of dolomite is CO2 > SO42− > pH = 4 > pH = 7 > pH = 10. The promotion effect of SO42− on dolomite dissolution indicates that the greater the SO42− concentration, the stronger the dissolution of dolomite, and its dissolution ability is enhanced with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the effect of CO2 on the dissolution of dolomite is stronger than that of SO42−, leading to the oscillating fluctuation trend of the released Ca2+ and Mg2+. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Experimental Geochemistry of Silicate Melts, Fluids, and Minerals)
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Review

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25 pages, 3334 KiB  
Review
Complexation of REE in Hydrothermal Fluids and Its Significance on REE Mineralization
by Jian Di and Xing Ding
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060531 - 21 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have recently been classified as critical and strategic metals due to their importance in modern society. Research on the geochemical behaviors and mineralization of REEs not only provides essential guidance for mineral exploration but also holds great significance in [...] Read more.
Rare earth elements (REEs) have recently been classified as critical and strategic metals due to their importance in modern society. Research on the geochemical behaviors and mineralization of REEs not only provides essential guidance for mineral exploration but also holds great significance in enhancing our understanding of Earth’s origin and evolution. This paper reviews recent research on the occurrence characteristics, deposit types, and hydrothermal behaviors of REEs, with a particular focus on comparing the complexation and transport of REEs by F, Cl, S, C, P, OH, and organic ligands in fluids. Due to the very weak hydrolysis of REE ions, they predominantly exist as either hydrated ions or free ions in low-temperature and acidic to weakly basic fluids. As the ligand activity increases, the general order of transporting REEs is Cl− ≈ SO42− > F− ≈ PO43− > CO32− > OH− under acidic conditions or OH− > SO42− ≈ Cl− > F− under alkaline conditions. In acidic to neutral hydrothermal systems, the transport of REEs is primarily dominated by SO42− and Cl− ions while the deposition of REEs could be influenced by F−, CO32−, and PO43− ions. In neutral to alkaline hydrothermal systems, REEs mainly exist in fluids as hydroxyl complexes or other ligand-bearing hydroxyl complexes. Additionally suggested are further comprehensive investigations that will fill significant gaps in our understanding of mechanisms governing the transport and enrichment of REEs in hydrothermal fluids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Experimental Geochemistry of Silicate Melts, Fluids, and Minerals)
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