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Minerals
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Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments
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Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (3 September 2021) | Viewed by 11926

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paul Northrup

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: applications of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy and microspectroscopy, especially of lighter elements Si, P, S, and Ca, in Earth, planetary and environmental sciences
Prof. Dr. Donald Sparks

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Suite 250 ISE, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Interests: kinetics; surface chemistry; sorption; redox; metal geochemistry; synchrotron techniques

Special Issue Information

Phosphorous is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth, and in many systems is the limiting nutrient.  However, its bioavailability is highly dependent on its chemical speciation. On the other hand, release of P can result in the significant degradation of ground and surface waters. Forms of P range from relatively inert crystalline mineral species, through amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, various organic P-bearing materials, strongly adsorbed P species, to weakly adsorbed and highly soluble species. Understanding this chemistry is an ongoing effort. Effective management of P for sustainable and productive but environmentally responsible agriculture has long been a priority scientific goal. What makes this research challenging is the extreme heterogeneity of soils and sediments. These contain an array of inorganic and organic components, including primary and secondary minerals, the latter of which includes clay minerals and metal oxides, and natural organic matter. There are also the local effects of microbes, fungi, plant roots, and other biota. Soil and sediment microenvironments can differ significantly from bulk conditions; understanding the roles and relative contributions of these microenvironments in P chemistry can better explain larger scale processes. 

In addition, soil and sediment chemistry is not static: many chemical and redox processes are transient, seasonal, and respond to fluctuations in moisture content and fluid flow. Agriculture manipulates the physical structure of soil, and changes its composition through the application of fertilizers, mineral and organic amendments, pesticides and herbicides. In the long term, sustained agriculture depletes some components and builds an excess pool of others. Changes in land use may then have unexpected consequences. In many areas of the world, inundation due to rising sea level will have a significant impact on P reservoirs in coastal sediments, soils and former agricultural lands. This Special Issue invites papers on all aspects of P in soils and sediments, but especially those addressing its heterogeneity and response to change. Examples include, but are not limited to, the following. 

  • Application of traditional and novel tools to characterize distribution, speciation, chemistry, bioavailability and leachability of P
  • Heterogeneity—spatial, chemical, biological, and temporal—of P in soils and sediments
  • Heterogeneity of chemical processes in soil and sediment microenvironments that govern P behavior
  • Cycling and fate of P on the micro to global scales
  • Effect of rising sea level on P reservoirs in coastal soils and sediments.

Dr. Paul Northrup
Prof. Dr. Donald Sparks
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phosphorus
  • soil
  • sediment
  • biogeochemistry
  • agriculture

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Systematic Study of Legacy Phosphorus (P) Desorption Mechanisms in High-P Agricultural Soils
by Kathryn Daria Szerlag, Monica Elavarthi, Matthew G. Siebecker, Chunhao Gu, Conner McCrone and Donald Lewis Sparks
Minerals 2022, 12(4), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040458 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1989
Abstract
Repeated manure additions containing phosphorus (P) in excess of crop needs have led to many agricultural soils with high levels of soil P (i.e., legacy P), particularly in the Delmarva region (USA). Due to the potential for P release, it is important to [...] Read more.
Repeated manure additions containing phosphorus (P) in excess of crop needs have led to many agricultural soils with high levels of soil P (i.e., legacy P), particularly in the Delmarva region (USA). Due to the potential for P release, it is important to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of P desorption and solubilization. Agricultural soils with high legacy P were collected from the Delmarva Peninsula, and soil P pools were determined using a suite of wet chemical and spectroscopic techniques, including a modified Hedley sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Five different desorption solutions were used to investigate P removal efficiency to assess release mechanisms. The results indicate that sulfate can have a stronger competition for P desorption than silicate, especially in the ditch sample with 21% labile P and 44% P adsorbed to iron and aluminum (via Hedley extraction). Additionally, linear combination fitting results of the ditch sample indicate 10.5% organic P and 73.9% P associated with iron and aluminum. This is an important finding because sulfate is a prevalent ion in sea water, and many agricultural soils with high legacy P in the Delmarva coastal area are threatened by sea level rise and inundation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments)
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15 pages, 2363 KiB  
Article
Açaí Biochar and Compost Affect the Phosphorus Sorption, Nutrient Availability, and Growth of Dioclea apurensis in Iron Mining Soil
by Sílvio Junio Ramos, Duane Azevedo Pinto, Rafael Silva Guedes, Yan Nunes Dias, Cecílio Fróis Caldeira, Markus Gastauer, Pedro Walfir Souza-Filho and Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes
Minerals 2021, 11(7), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070674 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
Organic materials, such as biochar and organic compost, can reduce P sorption mechanisms and improve soil fertility, benefiting the reclamation of areas impacted by mining. This study evaluated how the chemical properties of Fe mining soil, the adsorption of P onto this substrate, [...] Read more.
Organic materials, such as biochar and organic compost, can reduce P sorption mechanisms and improve soil fertility, benefiting the reclamation of areas impacted by mining. This study evaluated how the chemical properties of Fe mining soil, the adsorption of P onto this substrate, and the growth of the native plant Dioclea apurensis, were affected by the application of açaí biochar (BC), organic compost (OC), and different P doses. Substrate collected from mining soil piles was incubated for 30 days with BC or OC. Each mining substrate with or without the addition of BC or OC received five doses of P (0, 40, 80, 120, and 240 mg∙kg−1 P). The addition of BC or OC promoted an increase in pH and nutrient availability (P, K, Ca, and B) in Fe mining soil. However, plants grown in the unamended mining soil (W) showed higher growth. The maximum P adsorption capacity decreased as a function of the addition of BC. We conclude that the application of BC reduced P sorption, while the application of either OC or BC altered the chemical properties of the soil and caused contrasting effects on P dynamics in Fe mining soil, and these treatments also affected plant growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments)
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16 pages, 1483 KiB  
Article
Microscale Heterogeneous Distribution and Speciation of Phosphorus in Soils Amended with Mineral Fertilizer and Cattle Manure Compost
by Noriko Yamaguchi, Toshiaki Ohkura, Atsuko Hikono, Yohey Hashimoto, Aomi Suda, Taku Yamamoto, Kaori Ando, Masahiro Kasuya, Paul Northrup, Shan-Li Wang and Dean Hesterberg
Minerals 2021, 11(2), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11020121 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
Global concerns for the sustainability of agriculture have emphasized the need to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer. Although phosphorus (P) is accumulated in farmland soils due to the long-term application of fertilizer, most soil P is not readily available to plants. The [...] Read more.
Global concerns for the sustainability of agriculture have emphasized the need to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer. Although phosphorus (P) is accumulated in farmland soils due to the long-term application of fertilizer, most soil P is not readily available to plants. The chemical speciation of P in soils, which comprise heterogeneous microenvironments, cannot be evaluated with a high degree of specificity using only macroscopic analyses. In this study, we investigated the distribution and speciation of P accumulated in soils by using both macro- and microscopic techniques including chemical extraction, solution and solid-state 31P NMR, bulk- and micro- P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Soil samples were collected from a field in which cabbage was cultivated under three amendment treatments: i) mineral fertilizer (NPK), ii) mineral fertilizer and compost (NPK + compost), and iii) mineral fertilizer plus compost but without nitrogen fertilizer (PK + compost). Macro-scale analyses suggested that accumulated P was predominantly inorganic P and associated with Al-bearing minerals. The repeated application of compost to the soils increased the proportion of P associated with Ca which accounted for 17% in the NPK + compost plot and 40% in the PK + compost plot. At the microscale, hot spots of P were heterogeneously distributed, and P was associated with Fe and Ca in hot spots of the NPK + compost (pH 6) and PK + compost (pH 7) treated samples, respectively. Our results indicate that application of compost contributed to creating diverse microenvironments hosting P in these soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments)
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Review

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17 pages, 960 KiB  
Review
Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review
by Anna Jama-Rodzeńska, Józef Sowiński, Jacek A. Koziel and Andrzej Białowiec
Minerals 2021, 11(9), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11090985 - 09 Sep 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4937
Abstract
The wastewater treatment process generates large amounts of P-rich organic waste (sewage sludge (SS)). The direct application of SS in agriculture, being controversial, is gradually being replaced by incineration, leading to the concentration of both P and heavy metals in the solid residual-sewage [...] Read more.
The wastewater treatment process generates large amounts of P-rich organic waste (sewage sludge (SS)). The direct application of SS in agriculture, being controversial, is gradually being replaced by incineration, leading to the concentration of both P and heavy metals in the solid residual-sewage sludge ash (SSA). The novel closed-loop, cradle-to-cradle (C2C) approach leads to maintaining P production at current levels and counteracts its depletion in the future. The aim of this review is the presentation of the implementation of the C2C approach for P recovery. The paper focuses on steps that comprise P C2C, starting from the SS properties, being a derivative of wastewater type and treatment processes, to SS pre-treatment and finally leading to certified P-fertilizers production from SSA by application thermochemical or wet chemical extraction technologies. Examples of SSA treatment technologies and the final products are provided. It has been summarized that future research should focus on the production of SSA-based fertilizers aligning with the C2C concept and determining its effect on the various agriculture and horticulture crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorous in Soils and Sediments)
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