Recent Developments in Rare Metal Mineral Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 October 2025 | Viewed by 1163

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: rare and REE mineral deposits associated with granite; Co deposit

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Guest Editor
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
Interests: hydrothermal deposits

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
Interests: granites geochemistry; igneous petrology; isotope geochemistry; mineral chemistry; rare earth element mineralization; soil characterization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Recent Developments in Rare Metal Mineral Deposits”, focuses on the following rare metals: Li, Be, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, W, Sn, Co, Ni and REEs. Rare metals are critical components in modern technology, renewable energy solutions, and advanced electronic devices. As the demand for rare metals increases, new deposits are being explored and existing deposits are being re-evaluated using advanced techniques for mineral recovery. Rare metal deposits not only hold significant economic value, but also present complex geological, geochemical, and environmental challenges. Understanding the processes and factors that govern rare metal mineralization is essential for sustainable resource development and management. This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest advancements and research findings in the field of rare metal mineral deposits.

We welcome contributions that provide novel insights into the geological processes, mineralogical characteristics and enrichment mechanisms of rare metals. This Special Issue will focus on the following topics: (1) Geological Processes: In-depth studies on the formation and alteration of rare metal deposits. (2) Mineralogical Characteristics: Detailed studies of the occurrence of rare metal minerals and their geochemical composition. (3) Geochemistry and Geochronology: Advances in geochemical and geochronological methods that provide critical insights into the age, origin, and evolution of rare metal deposits. (4) Enrichment Mechanisms: Research on the physical and chemical processes that lead to the significant enrichment of rare metals in various geological settings. (5) Resource Exploration: Innovative approaches and techniques for the exploration and assessment of rare metal resources, including new methodologies and technologies.

Dr. Huimin Su
Dr. Yang Gao
Dr. Christina Stouraiti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rare metal mineral deposits
  • enrichment mechanism
  • geochemistry
  • geochronology
  • mineralization processes
  • resource exploration

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 6880 KiB  
Article
Petrogenesis of Granitoids from the Waxing Mo Polymetallic Deposit, NE China: Implications for Magma Fertility and Mineralization
by Yang Liu, De-You Sun, Yang Gao, Hong-Chao Wang, Yu-Xin Ma, Jun Xu and Xin-Tong Liu
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111104 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 736
Abstract
The Waxing Mo polymetallic deposit is located in the central part of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range (LXZR), NE China. The Mo (Cu) mineralization in the deposit is dominantly hosted by quartz veinlets and stockworks and is closely related to silicification and potassic alteration, [...] Read more.
The Waxing Mo polymetallic deposit is located in the central part of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range (LXZR), NE China. The Mo (Cu) mineralization in the deposit is dominantly hosted by quartz veinlets and stockworks and is closely related to silicification and potassic alteration, while the W mineralization is most closely related to greisenization. Zircon samples from granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, granodiorite porphyry, and syenogranite in the Waxing deposit yielded U-Pb ages of 172.3 Ma, 172.8 Ma, 173.0 Ma, and 171.4 Ma, respectively. Six molybdenite samples from porphyry Mo ores yielded a Re-Os isochron age of 172.0 ± 1.1 Ma. The granitoids in the ore district are relatively high in total alkali (Na2O + K2O), are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and are classified as I-type granitoids. The zircon samples from all granitoids showed a relatively consistent Hf isotopic composition, as shown by positive εHf(t) values (3.1–8.3) and young TDM2 ages (0.69–1.25 Ga). These results, combined with the whole-rock geochemistry, suggest that the magma source of these rocks most likely derived from partial melting of a juvenile middle-lower continental crust, with a minor contribution from the mantle. These granitoids have compositional characteristics of adakites such as relatively high Sr contents (e.g., >400 ppm) and Sr/Y ratios (e.g., >33), as well as weak Eu anomalies (e.g., Eu/Eu* = 0.8–1.1), indicating extensive fractionation crystallization of a hydrous magma. The apatite geochemistry indicates that the ore-related magma in Waxing is F-rich and has a relatively low content of sulfur. The zircon geochemistry reveals that the granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, and granodiorite porphyry have relatively high oxygen fugacity (i.e., ΔFMQ = +1.1~1.3), whereas the fO2 values of the granite porphyry and syenogranite are relatively low (i.e., ΔFMQ = +0.1~0.5). The whole-rock and mineral geochemistry suggest that the Mo mineralization in Waxing is probably genetically related to granitoids (i.e., granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, and granodiorite porphyry), with higher oxygen fugacity and a high water content, whereas the magmatic S concentration is not the key factor controlling the mineralization. A comparison of the geochemical compositions of ore-forming and barren stocks for porphyry Mo deposits in the LXZR showed that geochemical ratios, including Eu/Eu* (>0.8), 10,000*(Eu/Eu*)/Y (>600), Sr/Y (>33), and V/Sc (>8), could be effective indicators in discriminating fertile granitoids for porphyry Mo deposits from barren ones in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Rare Metal Mineral Deposits)
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