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Minerals
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Highly Siderophile Elements and Their Isotopes in the Earth’s Mantle
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Highly Siderophile Elements and Their Isotopes in the Earth’s Mantle

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 3673

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kreshimir N. Malitch

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Guest Editor
Department of Geochemistry and Ore-Forming Processes, Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vonsovsky str. 15, Ekaterinburg 620110, Russia
Interests: highly siderophile elements; mineralogy of platinum-group elements; radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry, Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits; ultramafic rocks; isotope composition of the Earth's mantle
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Absolute and relative abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE = PGE (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd), Re, Au) and their isotopes are important for geological, petrological, and geochemical investigations. Since Re and Os have strongly contrasting partitioning behavior during mantle melting and magma differentiation, the 187Re–187Os isotopic system is particularly useful in (i) distinguishing between crustal and mantle sources of the HSE and (ii) tracking melt extraction events, which can be applied at both the whole-rock and mineral (i.e., chromite, Ru-Os-Ir alloy, sulfide) scale. Further advances in mass spectrometry have allowed PGE alloys and sulfides to be dated using the 190Pt–186Os system. In order to gain further insights into large-scale geodynamic processes as well as the concentration of the HSE at the local scale, we invite contributions that use combined mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic studies, including the integration of whole-rock and mineral separate (via N-TIMS) and sub-grain scale (via LA-MC-ICPMS) Pt-Re-Os isotopic data from a selected set of rocks and robust minerals (e.g., chromite, PGE alloy) derived from various mantle domains. The latter may include, but are not limited to: komatiite systems, mantle xenoliths, abyssal peridotites, deep portions of ophiolite sections within the oceanic mantle, orogenic peridotite massifs, typical of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and spatially associated PGE placer deposits.

Dr. Kreshimir N. Malitch
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • highly siderophile elements
  • Re-Os and Pt-Os isotope systems
  • high-precision negative thermal ionization mass-spectrometry
  • in situ isotope analysis
  • PGE alloy
  • sulfide
  • chromite
  • komatiite
  • oceanic mantle
  • subcontinental lithospheric mantle
  • earth’s mantle

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 18955 KiB  
Article
Re-Os Systematics in the Layered Rocks and Cu-Ni-PGE Sulfide Ores from the Dovyren Intrusive Complex in Southern Siberia, Russia: Implications for the Original Mantle Source and the Effects of Two-Stage Crustal Contamination
by Alexey A. Ariskin, Svetlana G. Tessalina, Yuri A. Kostitsyn, Ivan V. Pshenitsyn, Sergei N. Sobolev, Georgy S. Nikolaev and Evgeny V. Kislov
Minerals 2023, 13(11), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13111356 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1138
Abstract
The Dovyren Intrusive Complex (Northern Baikal region, 728 ± 3 Ma) includes the dunite–troctolite–gabbronorite Yoko–Dovyren massif (YDM) associated with a sequence of underlying mafic-to-ultramafic sills, locally demonstrating interbedding relations with the most primitive rocks of the pluton. These sills and apophyses contain sulfide [...] Read more.
The Dovyren Intrusive Complex (Northern Baikal region, 728 ± 3 Ma) includes the dunite–troctolite–gabbronorite Yoko–Dovyren massif (YDM) associated with a sequence of underlying mafic-to-ultramafic sills, locally demonstrating interbedding relations with the most primitive rocks of the pluton. These sills and apophyses contain sulfide mineralization ranging from globular to net-textured and massive ores. Major types of the YDM cumulates and sulfide mineralization were examined for their PGE contents and Re-Os isotopic systematics. The ten analyzed samples included chilled and basal rocks, poorly mineralized troctolite, PGE-rich anorthosite, as well as three samples from a thick ore-bearing apophysis DV10 connected with the YDM. These samples yielded a Re-Os isochron with an age of 759 ± 36 Ma and an initial 187Os/188Os of 0.1309 ± 0.0026 (MSWD = 110), which is in consistent with the previously reported U–Pb zircon age. It is shown that being recalculated to γOs(t) at t = 728 Ma, these isotopic compositions demonstrate three clusters regarding the relationship between γOs(t) and 187Re/188Os: (i) the chilled gabbronorite (YDM) and subcontact olivine gabbronorite (DV10) yielded the most radiogenic values of γOs(t) 10.5 and 10.0 among basal ultramafics, (ii) plagiodunite, troctolite, and sulfide ores showed lower radiogenic compositions, with γOs(t) ranging from 7.3 to 8.7, (iii) olivine gabbronorite, plagioperidotite, and one sample of PGE-rich anorthosite yield very primitive γOs(t) in the range 4.5 to 5.6 (on average 5.2 ± 0.6). The lowest values of γOs(t) for the least fractionated rocks of the YDM suggest a primitive mantle source, formed from a partly contaminated Neoarchean protolith, which is considered to be anomalous in Upper Riphean due to very low εNd(t) of −16 for the most primitive Dovyren magma (Fo88-parent). The highest values of γOs(t) and relative enrichment in the 34S isotope in the chilled gabbronorite (YDM) and subcontact olivine gabbronorite (DV10) evidence that their primitive to evolved magmatic precursors could be affected by a metamorphic fluid enriched in radiogenic 187Os, originating in the exocontact halo due to the thermal decomposition of pyrite from the dehydrated country rocks. This is consistent with the second-stage contamination of the Dovyren magma by the hosting crustal rocks (probably of 10 wt% shists), generating more evolved Fo86-parent magma with higher εNd(t) of −14. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Highly Siderophile Elements and Their Isotopes in the Earth’s Mantle)
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19 pages, 3905 KiB  
Article
A Combined Re-Os and Pt-Os Isotope and HSE Abundance Study of Ru-Os-Ir Alloys from the Kunar and Unga Placer Deposits, the Taimyr Peninsula, Polar Siberia
by Kreshimir N. Malitch, Igor S. Puchtel, Elena A. Belousova and Inna Yu. Badanina
Minerals 2022, 12(11), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12111463 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
In order to provide further insights into the origin of Ru-Os-Ir alloys, this study presents new highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) abundance and 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os isotope data for detrital grains [...] Read more.
In order to provide further insights into the origin of Ru-Os-Ir alloys, this study presents new highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) abundance and 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os isotope data for detrital grains of native Ru-Os-Ir alloys in placer deposits of the Kunar and Unga Rivers, which display a close spatial association with the Kunar dunite–harzburgite complex in the northern part of the Taimyr Peninsula in the Polar Siberia. The study utilized electron microprobe analysis, negative thermal ionization mass-spectrometry (N-TIMS) and laser ablation multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (LA MC-ICP-MS). The primary nature of the Ru-Os-Ir alloys is supported by the occurrence of euhedral inclusions of high-Mg olivine (Fo92–93) that fall within the compositional range of mantle olivine. The LA MC-ICP-MS data show similar average initial 187Os/188Os and γ187Os(740 Ma) values for PGM assemblages from the Kunar and Unga deposits of 0.1218 ± 0.0010, −0.18 ± 0.85, and 0.1222 ± 0.0025, +0.10 ± 2.1, respectively. These values are identical, within their respective uncertainties, to the initial 187Os/188Os value of the Ru-Os-Ir alloy grain measured by N-TIMS (0.1218463 ± 0.0000015, γ187Os(740 Ma) = −0.1500 ± 0.0012). The combined 187Re-187Os isotopic data for all studied grains (γ187Os(740 Ma) = −0.02 ± 1.6) indicate evolution of the Kunar and Unga mantle sources with a long-term chondritic 187Re/188Os ratio of 0.401 ± 0.030. In contrast to the 187Os/188Os data, the initial 186Os/188Os value of 0.1198409 ± 0.0000012 (µ186Os(740 Ma) = +34 ± 10) obtained for the same Ru-Os-Ir alloy grain by N-TIMS is suprachondritic and implies evolution of the Kunar and Unga mantle source(s) with a long-term suprachondritic 190Pt/188Os ratio of 0.00247 ± 0.00021. This value is ~40% higher than the average chondritic 190Pt/188Os ratio of 0.00180 and indicates long-term enrichment of the Kunar source in Pt over Os. Establishing the source of this enrichment requires further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Highly Siderophile Elements and Their Isotopes in the Earth’s Mantle)
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