Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Emerging Diseases and Health Impacts, 2nd Edition

A Special Issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) belonging to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 1097

Editors


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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The issue is to serve as the continuation of “Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Emerging Diseases and Health Impacts”, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms/special_issues/non-tuberculous_mycobacteria.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been identified repeatedly from the soil, as well as municipal and other water supplies, using both molecular and traditional methods. NTM are important environmental pathogens that can cause a broad spectrum of diseases. The number of infections that can be associated with specific species, as well as the number of new species that are etiological agents, has increased due to the development of new diagnostic tools. The incidence of pulmonary NTM infection and disease is increasing. In addition, the M. avium complex and the M. chelonae complex are implicated in a wide number of diseases. Furthermore the prevalence of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans) is having a significant impact on health in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. This Special Issue will explore the environmental distribution, detection, and health impacts of NTM.

Prof. Dr. Roger Pickup
Dr. Gaurav Agrawal
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
  • Mycobacterium avium (M. avium)
  • Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus)
  • Mycobacterium ulcerans
  • Mycobacterium chelonae
  • Mycobacterium chimaera

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Research

14 pages, 387 KB  
Article
Distribution of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Species in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Infections in South India–A Retrospective Analysis
by Priya Rajendran, Radha Gopalaswamy, Gowsalya Saminathan, Bershila Prey, Hannah Stanley, Adhin Bhaskar, Sudha Solayappan, Dinesh Viswanathan, Radhakrishnan Ramalingam, Asha Frederick and Sivakumar Shanmugam
Microorganisms 2026, 14(6), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14061319 - 12 Jun 2026
Viewed by 689
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is extremely challenging, especially in a high TB burden setting like India. A definitive diagnosis of NTM, along with additional speciation, is warranted to improve NTM management. Beyond the diagnosis of NTM and its [...] Read more.
Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is extremely challenging, especially in a high TB burden setting like India. A definitive diagnosis of NTM, along with additional speciation, is warranted to improve NTM management. Beyond the diagnosis of NTM and its speciation, clinical correlation is vital for differentiating NTM colonisation or contamination from disease. In this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from 1121 presumptive NTM patients from Tuberculosis Units across the country and from other private hospitals were included. Composite diagnosis were performed using X-rays, nucleic acid amplification tests, smear microscopy, and mycobacterial growth indicator tube cultures, with speciation of NTM isolates confirmed by line probe assay. Of the 1121 presumptive NTM patients, 66.0% were smear-negative, 44.7% had X-ray changes, and 98.0% were M. tuberculosis-negative according to the nucleic acid amplification test. Cultures identified 310 patients as NTM-positive, including 22 extrapulmonary cases. Speciation was performed for 135 NTM-positive isolates, where M. abscessus was identified as the predominant species in 30.4%, followed by M. kansasii in 25.1%. Our study demonstrated that although the composite diagnosis of NTM holds promise for identifying pulmonary and extrapulmonary NTM, culture (mean confirmation rate of 30–40% over 5 years) remains the gold standard, with NTM speciation by line probe assay completing the diagnosis. Full article
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