Environmental Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance: Genomic and Metagenomic Insights

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiomes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 506

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: bioaerosols; microalgae; environmental health; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
Interests: antibiotic resistant bacteria; superbug; transferable antimicrobial resistance; bioaerosols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental compartments—including water bodies, community environments, hospitals and livestock production systems—are increasingly recognized as important reservoirs and transmission hubs for pathogenic microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance. Within the One Health framework, environmental microbiomes connect human, animal and ecological systems, facilitating the circulation of pathogens and resistance determinants across multiple interfaces.

Recent advances in genomics and metagenomics have greatly improved our ability to characterize environmental pathogens, resistomes and mobilomes. Mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, integrons, transposons and genomic islands, play a central role in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, enabling their rapid dissemination among diverse bacterial populations.

Deciphering the genomic diversity, evolutionary dynamics and transmission pathways of environmental pathogens is essential for understanding how antimicrobial resistance emerges and spreads across ecosystems. Integrating genomic and metagenomic approaches provides critical insights for environmental surveillance, risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

This Special Issue aims to advance research on environmental pathogens and antimicrobial resistance from a genomic, ecological and One Health perspective, with the goal of improving disease prevention and protecting global public health.

Dr. Changliang Nie
Prof. Dr. Mingyu Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antibiotic resistance genes
  • genomics
  • metagenomics
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • resistome and mobilome
  • environmental pathogens

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1193 KB  
Article
Interconnected Reservoirs: Virulence & Biofilm Traits of ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae in Municipal Wastewater & Agricultural Systems
by Mabel Kamweli Aworh, Courtney W. Reggans, Monica S. Sellars, Jordan C. Deutschlander, Isaiah J. Taylor, Deepa Gopal Struble, Katrina L. Edwards, Lyndy Harden, Rhonda Locklear and Kristen Delaney Nguyen
Microorganisms 2026, 14(7), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14071435 - 30 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) is an important antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, and wastewater may serve as a reservoir for its persistence and dissemination. This study investigated the virulence-associated genes, biofilm-forming capacity and genomic relatedness of ESBL-KP isolates recovered from wastewater and livestock farm environments [...] Read more.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) is an important antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, and wastewater may serve as a reservoir for its persistence and dissemination. This study investigated the virulence-associated genes, biofilm-forming capacity and genomic relatedness of ESBL-KP isolates recovered from wastewater and livestock farm environments in southeastern North Carolina. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2025 at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and two livestock farms. ESBL-KP isolates recovered from wastewater, animal feces, and water samples were characterized using PCR, whole-genome sequencing and crystal violet biofilm assays. Genomic relatedness was assessed using phylogenomic analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test. ESBL-KP was detected in 15.4% (n = 69/449) of samples, with the highest prevalence observed in WWTPs (75.4%, n = 52) followed by poultry farms (21.7%, n = 15). The most frequent virulence genes were mrkD (30/69), entB (26/69), K2 (21/69), and rmpA (21/69). Significant variation in gene distribution by sample type was observed for mrkD (p = 0.0013) and entB (p = 0.0011). Biofilm formation varied by sample type, with strong biofilm predominating in influent (n = 20) and sludge (n = 8), although no significant differences were detected across sample types (p = 0.357). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one poultry farm isolate was clonally related to wastewater isolates, differing by 1–3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and sharing the virulence genes mrkA, iutA, and fimH. Overall, environmental ESBL-KP isolates exhibited widespread virulence potential and robust biofilm-forming capacity, while phylogenetic evidence demonstrated clonal relatedness between poultry farm and wastewater isolates and sharing mrkA, iutA, and fimH virulence genes. These findings highlight wastewater and agricultural systems as genetically related reservoirs for clinically relevant ESBL-KP strains and underscore the need for strengthened One Health-based surveillance to monitor and mitigate their environmental dissemination. Full article
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