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Micromachines
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Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices
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Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 14378

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Suvajyoti Guha

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Guest Editor
Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Interests: bioaerosols; medical devices; microfluidics; medical countermeasures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Darwin R. Reyes

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Guest Editor
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
Interests: microfluidics; biomedical engineering; cell biology; cell imaging; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many microfluidic-based medical devices contact blood to diagnose or treat diseases. Therefore, it is critical to understand the hemodynamics within microchannels and the technical challenges that device developers and manufacturers face on the path to commercialization. This Special Issue intends to discuss common flow-related concepts and challenges occurring in microfluidics with biomedical applications. We welcome papers on biomedical topics such as interactions between blood and microfluidic materials, computational fluid dynamics modeling of non-Newtonian flow in microchannels, sample loading, microfluidic pumping and mixing, cell isolation and separation in microchannels, active and passive forces to manipulate blood flow, blood element damage, clotting, microscale leakage testing, bubble formation, transport and filtering of blood using microfluidics, plug-and-play platforms for blood sample analysis, pre-clinical or clinical studies involving microfluidic systems, sensing techniques, hemocompatibility studies in microchannels, and device failure modes. Medical device companies with products on the market or nearing clinical use are also encouraged to submit articles for this Special Issue. The hope is that this collection of papers will stimulate the growth of key microfluidic technologies emerging in the medical device community and lead to the harmonization of commonly used test methods for evaluating the safety and performance of microfluidic medical devices.

Dr. Suvajyoti Guha
Dr. Darwin Reyes-Hernandez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microfluidics
  • biomedical
  • cell isolation
  • blood
  • flow
  • diagnostic
  • medical device
  • pumping
  • flow sensor

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1884 KiB  
Article
Viscosity Modeling for Blood and Blood Analog Fluids in Narrow Gap and High Reynolds Numbers Flows
by Finn Knüppel, Sasha Malchow, Ang Sun, Jeanette Hussong, Alexander Hartmann, Frank-Hendrik Wurm and Benjamin Torner
Micromachines 2024, 15(6), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060793 - 16 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1540
Abstract
For the optimization of ventricular assist devices (VADs), flow simulations are crucial. Typically, these simulations assume single-phase flow to represent blood flow. However, blood consists of plasma and blood cells, making it a multiphase flow. Cell migration in such flows leads to a [...] Read more.
For the optimization of ventricular assist devices (VADs), flow simulations are crucial. Typically, these simulations assume single-phase flow to represent blood flow. However, blood consists of plasma and blood cells, making it a multiphase flow. Cell migration in such flows leads to a heterogeneous cell distribution, significantly impacting flow dynamics, especially in narrow gaps of less than 300 μm found in VADs. In these areas, cells migrate away from the walls, forming a cell-free layer, a phenomenon not usually considered in current VAD simulations. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a viscosity model that accounts for cell migration in microchannels under VAD-relevant conditions. The model is based on local particle distributions measured in a microchannels with a blood analog fluid. We developed a local viscosity distribution for flows with particles/cells and a cell-free layer, applicable to both blood and analog fluids, with particle volume fractions of up to 5%, gap heights of 150 μm, and Reynolds numbers around 100. The model was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data of blood and blood analog fluid flow on wall shear stresses and pressure losses, showing strong agreement. This model improves the accuracy of simulations by considering local viscosity changes rather than assuming a single-phase fluid. Future developments will extend the model to physiological volume fractions up to 40%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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21 pages, 1665 KiB  
Article
A Systematic Analysis of Recent Technology Trends of Microfluidic Medical Devices in the United States
by Rucha Natu, Luke Herbertson, Grazziela Sena, Kate Strachan and Suvajyoti Guha
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071293 - 24 Jun 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3641
Abstract
In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen an increase in microfluidic medical device submissions, likely stemming from recent advancements in microfluidic technologies. This recent trend has only been enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, as microfluidic-based test kits have [...] Read more.
In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen an increase in microfluidic medical device submissions, likely stemming from recent advancements in microfluidic technologies. This recent trend has only been enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, as microfluidic-based test kits have been used for diagnosis. To better understand the implications of this emerging technology, device submissions to the FDA from 2015 to 2021 containing microfluidic technologies have been systematically reviewed to identify trends in microfluidic medical applications, performance tests, standards used, fabrication techniques, materials, and flow systems. More than 80% of devices with microfluidic platforms were found to be diagnostic in nature, with lateral flow systems accounting for about 35% of all identified microfluidic devices. A targeted analysis of over 40,000 adverse event reports linked to microfluidic technologies revealed that flow, operation, and data output related failures are the most common failure modes for these device types. Lastly, this paper highlights key considerations for developing new protocols for various microfluidic applications that use certain analytes (e.g., blood, urine, nasal-pharyngeal swab), materials, flow, and detection mechanisms. We anticipate that these considerations would help facilitate innovation in microfluidic-based medical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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Review

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26 pages, 2494 KiB  
Review
Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review
by Luyao Chen, Xin Guo, Xidi Sun, Shuming Zhang, Jing Wu, Huiwen Yu, Tongju Zhang, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi and Lijia Pan
Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030547 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3554
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in [...] Read more.
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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25 pages, 8809 KiB  
Review
Advances in BBB on Chip and Application for Studying Reversible Opening of Blood–Brain Barrier by Sonoporation
by Yicong Cai, Kexin Fan, Jiawei Lin, Lin Ma and Fenfang Li
Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010112 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4795
Abstract
The complex structure of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which blocks nearly all large biomolecules, hinders drug delivery to the brain and drug assessment, thus decelerating drug development. Conventional in vitro models of BBB cannot mimic some crucial features of BBB in vivo including [...] Read more.
The complex structure of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which blocks nearly all large biomolecules, hinders drug delivery to the brain and drug assessment, thus decelerating drug development. Conventional in vitro models of BBB cannot mimic some crucial features of BBB in vivo including a shear stress environment and the interaction between different types of cells. There is a great demand for a new in vitro platform of BBB that can be used for drug delivery studies. Compared with in vivo models, an in vitro platform has the merits of low cost, shorter test period, and simplicity of operation. Microfluidic technology and microfabrication are good tools in rebuilding the BBB in vitro. During the past decade, great efforts have been made to improve BBB penetration for drug delivery using biochemical or physical stimuli. In particular, compared with other drug delivery strategies, sonoporation is more attractive due to its minimized systemic exposure, high efficiency, controllability, and reversible manner. BBB on chips (BOC) holds great promise when combined with sonoporation. More details and mechanisms such as trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and dynamic opening of tight junctions can be figured out when using sonoporation stimulating BOC, which will be of great benefit for drug development. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in BOC and sonoporation for BBB disruption with this in vitro platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blood Flow in Microfluidic Medical Devices)
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