Old Challenges, New Tools: Modern Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Toxicology

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Metabolomic Profiling Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2026) | Viewed by 1110

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, 48 Oleska Street, 45052 Opole, Poland
Interests: xenobiotics stability; alternative biological matrices; hair analysis; post-mortem toxicology; new psychoactive substances

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: new psychoactive substances; post-mortem toxicology; clinical toxicology; forensic toxicology; forensic medicine; intoxications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancements in analytical technologies, particularly mass spectrometry, have opened up new possibilities for addressing long-standing challenges in forensic toxicology. Complex biological matrices, trace-level detection, and analytical interferences that once posed significant obstacles can now be approached with unprecedented precision and sensitivity.

This Special Issue aims to revisit classic problems in forensic toxicology through the lens of modern mass spectrometry, showcasing how state-of-the-art instrumentation, innovative sample preparation methods, and advanced data analysis strategies are transforming the field. We invite the submission of original research articles, reviews, and case studies that highlight methodological breakthroughs, novel applications, and future perspectives focused on the evolving role played by mass spectrometry in solving persistent forensic toxicology challenges.

Suggested topics of interest include the following:

  • Revisiting classical toxicants with modern analytical approaches;
  • Novel sample preparation and extraction methods for complex matrices;
  • Quantitative and qualitative approaches in low-concentration analytes;
  • Metabolite profiling and interpretation in forensic contexts;
  • Advances in mass spectrometry techniques for forensic toxicology;
  • High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in the detection of emerging drugs, including NPSs;
  • Data processing, chemometrics, and artificial intelligence in toxicological MS;
  • Case studies applying modern MS to long-standing forensic challenges;
  • Future perspectives on instrumentation and methodology in forensic toxicology.

Dr. Karolina Nowak
Prof. Dr. Marcin Zawadzki
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • forensic toxicology
  • mass spectrometry
  • analytical challenges
  • HRMS
  • emerging drugs
  • metabolite pro-filing
  • sample preparation
  • methodological advances

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 888 KB  
Article
4-Bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) Revisited: The First Reported Fatal Case and Toxicological Insights
by Karolina Nowak, Paweł Szpot, Marcin Zawadzki and Agnieszka Chłopaś-Konowałek
Metabolites 2026, 16(7), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16070507 - 21 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Background: 4-bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) has been present on the illicit drug market since 2011. Recent EUDA data indicate renewed availability of 4-BMC in Europe, including substantial seizures reported in 2024. Despite numerous seizures of this compound across Europe during its fourteen-year presence, no fatal [...] Read more.
Background: 4-bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) has been present on the illicit drug market since 2011. Recent EUDA data indicate renewed availability of 4-BMC in Europe, including substantial seizures reported in 2024. Despite numerous seizures of this compound across Europe during its fourteen-year presence, no fatal intoxication involving 4-BMC has been reported so far. This paper presents the first documented fatal intoxication involving 4-BMC reported worldwide. Methods: Quantitative determination of 4-BMC in post-mortem blood and urine was performed using the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method, together with complementary toxicological analyses. Results: The 4-BMC concentrations were 16,601 ng/mL in blood and over 50,000 ng/mL in urine. Both matrices also contained 3-chloromethcathinone at 1.7 ng/mL in blood and 122.2 ng/mL in urine. No other drugs, medications, or new psychoactive substances were detected apart from bromomethcathinone and chloromethcathinone metabolites. Conclusions: This first fatal case associated with 4-BMC underscores the necessity for enhanced monitoring of this compound by both forensic and clinical toxicologists. The re-emergence of 4-BMC after more than a decade demonstrates that previously known xenobiotics may reappear and again pose a serious threat to human health. Full article
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