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Metabolites
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Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cardiovascular Health
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Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cardiovascular Health

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2026 | Viewed by 2907

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Irma Magaly Rivas Serna

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
Interests: metabolism of lipids; lipidomics
Dr. Timothy O'Toole

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
Interests: particulate matter air pollution; volatile organic compounds; cardiovascular disease; endothelial progenitor cells; microplastics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. The development of CVD is influenced by obesity, inflammation, smoking, physical inactivity, dietary factors, and dyslipidemia, among many others. Recent lipid-profiling technologies have been proven to generate information on the molecular composition of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This information allows us to elucidate the connections between the metabolism of lipids and cardiometabolic diseases. There are also functional lipids that have been evaluated via their cardioprotective properties (antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic effects, endothelial function, inhibition of atherosclerosis plaque formation, cholesterol decreases, and others). Thus, this Special Issue welcomes manuscripts that strengthen the knowledge of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers across molecular lipid species associated with CVD, lipid markers beneficially altered by dietary interventions, risk-associated lipids that could be used as biomarkers highlighting specific metabolic pathways, strategies to maintain optimal lipid levels, and molecular mechanisms associated with abnormalities in lipids altering inflammatory markers. In summary, this Special Issue focuses on basic lipid science, dietary interventions, and translational research to gain a better understanding of the metabolism of lipids and cardiovascular diseases.

Dr. Irma Magaly Rivas Serna
Dr. Timothy O'Toole
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolism of lipids
  • lipid classes
  • lipid species
  • cardiovascular health
  • lipidomics
  • cardiometabolic disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • atherosclerosis
  • dyslipidemia
  • phospholipids
  • glyceride lipids
  • non-glyceride lipids
  • sphingolipids
  • ceramides
  • cardiac biomarkers
  • mechanism

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 753 KB  
Article
Glycated High-Density Lipoproteins Reduce Endothelial Phenotypic Expression of Monocyte-Derived Multipotential Cells in Early Type 2 Diabetes
by Felipe Massó-Rojas, Luis Felipe Montaño-Estrada, Araceli Páez-Arenas, Juan Gabriel Juárez-Rojas, Aida Medina-Urrutia, Rafael Nambo-Venegas, Emma Rodríguez-Maldonado and Esteban Jorge-Galarza
Metabolites 2026, 16(3), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16030194 - 15 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) exert protective effects on the endothelium, which are impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although monocyte-derived multipotential cells (MOMCs) can be differentiated into the endothelial lineage, it remains unclear whether HDL glycation, size, and composition could affect MOMCs [...] Read more.
Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) exert protective effects on the endothelium, which are impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although monocyte-derived multipotential cells (MOMCs) can be differentiated into the endothelial lineage, it remains unclear whether HDL glycation, size, and composition could affect MOMCs differentiation. Methods: Twenty normoglycemic (49 years, 35% male), 20 prediabetic (52 years, 35% male), and 20 newly diagnosed T2D participants (51 years, 50% male) were recruited. HDL were isolated from each study group. The size, composition, and early, intermediate, or advanced glycation products of HDL were determined. CD14+ MOMCs were isolated from healthy volunteers and incubated with HDL from each group. Endothelial phenotypic expression was assessed by CD14+/KDR+ expression. Results: Compared with normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals, T2D patients had higher concentrations of early (4.4, 4.6, vs. 5.2 µmol/mg of protein, respectively; p = 0.049) and advanced (7.7, 8.7, vs. 14.3 µg-BSA-AGEs/mg of protein, respectively; p < 0.02) glycation products in HDL. HDL composition was similar among groups. The CD14+/KDR+ expression in MOMCs incubated with HDL from T2D patients was lower than that observed in prediabetes and normoglycemic individuals (46% vs. 52% and 61%, respectively; p = 0.002). Advanced glycation end products in HDL inversely correlated with CD14+/KDR+ cells (r = −0.418, p = 0.002), adjusting for other HDL characteristics. Conclusions: In T2D patients, increased HDL-advanced glycation impairs the endothelial phenotypic expression of MOMCs, independently of other HDL characteristics. Since advanced glycation leads to greater biological damage, these findings highlight the importance of preserving HDL integrity in T2D patients to support endothelial repair and potentially delay vascular complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cardiovascular Health)
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18 pages, 1086 KB  
Article
FADS1 and FADS2 Gene Polymorphisms Affect Omega-3 and Omega-6 Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and Influence the Association Between Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Lipid Profile in Brazilian Adults
by Lais Duarte Batista, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Flávia Mori Sarti, Marcela Larissa Costa, Jaqueline Lopes Pereira França, João Valentini Neto and Regina Mara Fisberg
Metabolites 2025, 15(12), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15120758 - 21 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes influence fatty acid metabolism. However, evidence of gene–diet interactions in population-based studies from Brazil remains limited. The objective of this study was to examine associations between FADS1–FADS2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and erythrocyte fatty acid composition [...] Read more.
Background: Polymorphisms in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes influence fatty acid metabolism. However, evidence of gene–diet interactions in population-based studies from Brazil remains limited. The objective of this study was to examine associations between FADS1–FADS2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and erythrocyte fatty acid composition and serum lipid concentrations, as well as to explore potential gene–diet interactions. Methods: Data were analyzed from 294 adults (20–93 years) enrolled in the 2015 ISA-Nutrition study. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and serum lipids were measured using standard enzymatic methods. Dietary intake was assessed by 24 h recalls, and participants were classified into tertiles according to fatty acid intake. Five SNPs were genotyped; FADS1 rs174546 and FADS2 rs174570 were prioritized based on linkage disequilibrium. Associations and interactions were assessed using generalized linear models, adjusting for confounders. Results: Carriers of the minor alleles for rs174546 and rs174570 had significantly lower erythrocyte levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly along the ω-6 pathway, suggesting reduced desaturase activity. The rs174546 TT genotype was associated with higher total, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and non–high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterolconcentrations. Higher dietary intakes of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a higher linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid ratio(LA/ALA ratio) among these carriers were linked to lower serum lipid levels, indicating gene–diet interactions that attenuate adverse genotype effects. In addition, rs174570 TT carriers showed elevated VLDL concentrations, with a significant dietary interaction observed with the LA/ALA ratio. Conclusions: FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms influence fatty acid metabolism and interact with diet to shape lipid profiles. These findings highlight the importance of considering gene-diet interactions in cardiometabolic risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cardiovascular Health)
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Review

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18 pages, 607 KB  
Review
Ceramide in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: Modulation by Nutrients and Dietary Patterns and Opportunities to Prevent and/or Manage Metabolic-Related Conditions
by Melania Gaggini, Adrian Florentin Suman and Cristina Vassalle
Metabolites 2026, 16(4), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16040265 (registering DOI) - 14 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Ceramides, sphingolipids produced from fatty acids linked to sphingosine and an amide, are structural elements of cellular membranes and lipoproteins. These molecules also retain biological effects in key cellular pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, with a role in [...] Read more.
Ceramides, sphingolipids produced from fatty acids linked to sphingosine and an amide, are structural elements of cellular membranes and lipoproteins. These molecules also retain biological effects in key cellular pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, with a role in the onset and development of many pathophysiological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that different nutrients and dietary patterns may affect ceramide levels, both negatively (e.g., fructose and the Western diet), whereas others improve the ceramide profile (e.g., ω-3 PUFAs, resveratrol, vitamin D, and the Mediterranean and the Nordic diets). Thus, ceramide nutritional modulation could represent a simple, additive, and reliable tool to improve metabolic health. This review focused on the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity, as well as their pathogenetic mechanisms of action. Ceramides are increasingly recognized as “dynamic metabolic interfaces” linking nutrition and disease. This review aims to address a critical gap by synthesizing recent evidence on how dietary interventions, in addition to pharmacological approaches, can specifically target the enzymatic pathways involved in ceramide synthesis to enhance metabolic health. Thus, this review offers a concentrated analysis of the response of specific ceramide species, such as Cer16:0 and Cer18:0, to distinct dietary factors. Additionally, it incorporates emerging evidence on the role of gut microbiota in the biotransformation of sphingolipids, thereby adding a contemporary dimension to the established nutritional perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cardiovascular Health)
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