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Medicina
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Diabetes and Obesity: What Is New in 2025
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Diabetes and Obesity: What Is New in 2025

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 4344

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Manfredi Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo UNIPA, 90100 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular risk; lipids; diabetes; prevention; therapy; metabolic syndrome; metabolism; lipoproteins; incretins; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ali Abbas Rizvi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Orlando VA Medical Center and University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
Interests: diabetes; metabolic syndrome; obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence and prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are increasing in all communities across the globe. This alarming trend is in concert with the rapid rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The latter can be attributed to changes in lifestyle that encompass high-calorie diets and reduced physical activity. Since these two disorders are so closely intertwined, they have been christened with a new name: “diabesity”. Concomitantly, a clustering of both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors is threatening the metabolic health of communities worldwide. With insulin resistance at its core, the so-called “metabolic syndrome” has emerged as a manifestation of hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central body fat deposition. The presence of this pathologic condition leads to an elevated risk of both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These interrelated non-communicable “cardioglucometabolic” disorders have supplanted infectious diseases as the new and predominant threats to human health.

This Special Issue of the journal Medicina is intended to address new challenges and solicit emerging knowledge in the arena of diabetes and obesity. Its objective is to elicit research submissions that are relevant, innovative, and impactful. The scope of this Special Issue covers all basic and clinical topics that enhance our understanding and clinical applicability of cutting-edge findings leading to state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches. As Guest Editors, we welcome your valuable work ranging from basic cellular–molecular concepts to advancements in public health and pharmacotherapeutic interventions. We look forward to you joining us in a mutual endeavor to provide an avenue for the encouragement and dissemination of important and timely knowledge related to diabetes and obesity in the scientific community.

Prof. Dr. Manfredi Rizzo
Dr. Ali Abbas Rizvi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular disease
  • insulin resistance

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 553 KB  
Article
Diabetologists’ Knowledge and Prescription of Physical Activity in Southeast Europe
by Krešimir Martinac, Spomenka Ljubić, Dario Rahelić, Tomas Matić, Tomislav Perković and Slavica Sović
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071244 - 10 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Physical activity represents a cornerstone in the management of diabetes mellitus; however, the majority of persons with diabetes remain insufficiently active. Current guidelines emphasise the need to educate individuals with diabetes on physical activity at each clinical visit. The [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Physical activity represents a cornerstone in the management of diabetes mellitus; however, the majority of persons with diabetes remain insufficiently active. Current guidelines emphasise the need to educate individuals with diabetes on physical activity at each clinical visit. The aim of the study was to develop an adequate instrument and test diabetologists’ knowledge on physical activity and related guidelines in diabetes, as well as investigate their prescribing habits. Materials and Methods: The instrument was developed with four diabetologists using Delphi and RAND appropriateness methods, then distributed to diabetologist societies in 12 Southeast European countries for anonymous completion by their members. Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson  x2 test. Results: Out of 302 analysed respondents, 123 (41%) worked at university hospitals, at average four days a week in outpatient departments, mean number of patients was 16 a day; 95 (32%) had a PhD, and 105 (35%) university teaching positions. Median overall knowledge was 15 (Q1–Q3, 13–17) out of 22 maximum points. 26% diabetologists knew recommended level of physical activity for people with diabetes. Physical activity goals were discussed during check-ups in 53.0% of cases; re-education and goal adjustments were provided in 33.4% when health status changed; and clear instructions were documented in 25.5% of medical records. Conclusions: Diabetologists’ overall knowledge of physical activity was found to be at least satisfactory in 90% of participants. Knowledge of the guidelines is insufficient in 75% of participants. The prescribing habits are inadequate in half of the participants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes and Obesity: What Is New in 2025)
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17 pages, 2366 KB  
Article
Role of DPP-4 and NPY Family Peptides in Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Mantas Malinauskas, Deimante Paskeviciene, Rūta Steponaitienė, Rita Gudaityte, Limas Kupčinskas, Anna Casselbrant and Almantas Maleckas
Medicina 2025, 61(3), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030504 - 15 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) family peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are involved in gastrointestinal regulation and may contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology. This study investigates their expression in jejunal muscular tissue and associations with gastrointestinal [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) family peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are involved in gastrointestinal regulation and may contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology. This study investigates their expression in jejunal muscular tissue and associations with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with obesity, with (OB+/DM+) and without T2DM (OB+/DM−). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study includes forty-four patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass divided based on T2DM status. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, and jejunal tissue samples were analyzed for DPP-4, NPY, peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) mRNA and protein levels. Results: DPP-4, NPY, PYY, and PP gene expression in jejunal muscular tissue was similar between groups. In the OB+/DM+ group, PP protein was higher, while DPP-4 and PYY were lower compared to the OB+/DM− group. Significant positive correlations between DPP-4 and NPY, PYY, and PP were found in the OB+/DM− group, while only DPP-4 and PYY correlated in the OB+/DM+ group. Gastrointestinal symptoms in the OB+/DM− group showed positive correlations with PP (abdominal pain), DPP-4 (indigestion), and NPY (constipation). Conclusions: The study demonstrates significant differences in DPP-4, PYY, and PP protein expression between patients with obesity, with or without T2DM. Peptide correlations with gastrointestinal symptoms in non-diabetic patients suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms, warranting further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes and Obesity: What Is New in 2025)
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Review

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16 pages, 324 KB  
Review
Incretin-Based Therapies and Cancer: What’s New?
by Sanja Medenica, Jelena Bogdanovic, Jelena Vekic, Tanja Vojinovic, Ivana Babic, Ljiljana Bogdanović, Viviana Maggio, Mohamed El Tanani and Manfredi Rizzo
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040678 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Growing interest in incretin-based therapies for diabetes mellitus has led to an increased evaluation of their potential effects on cancer development. This review aims to synthesize recent evidence regarding the relationship between incretin-based therapies and cancer risk. We conducted a comprehensive literature review [...] Read more.
Growing interest in incretin-based therapies for diabetes mellitus has led to an increased evaluation of their potential effects on cancer development. This review aims to synthesize recent evidence regarding the relationship between incretin-based therapies and cancer risk. We conducted a comprehensive literature review focusing on studies investigating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists in relation to various malignancies. Current findings suggest that while these therapies demonstrate potential benefits, including weight reduction and metabolic regulation, concerns remain regarding their long-term safety profile. Notably, some studies indicate an increased risk of thyroid and pancreatic cancers, while others report protective effects against prostate, colorectal, and breast cancers. Given the complexity of their effects, further long-term studies and post-marketing surveillance are warranted. This review highlights the need for careful clinical assessment when prescribing incretin-based therapies to patients who may be at increased risk of cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes and Obesity: What Is New in 2025)
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