Revolutionizing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Contemporary Advances and Challenges

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 3345

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Interests: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; neuroscience; emergency medicine

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Interests: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; respiratory medicine; emergency medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Interests: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; anesthesiology; emergency medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a vital medical procedure used to revive individuals from life-threatening conditions, primarily focusing on restoring normal breathing and blood circulation. Over the years, this field has witnessed profound innovations that extend beyond basic techniques to include mechanical aids, advanced pharmacological interventions, and sophisticated monitoring technologies.

The Special Issue, titled "Revolutionizing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Contemporary Advances and Challenges", addresses the latest advancements and obstacles in pre-clinical, clinical, and community-based settings within the domain of resuscitation. This issue aims to comprehensively explore the entire spectrum of resuscitation, from experimental research and clinical trials to practical applications in real-world scenarios, such as community response systems.

In pre-clinical settings, the focus is on developing and testing new resuscitation techniques and technologies, such as mechanical resuscitation devices and advances in pharmacological agents, which are evaluated for efficacy and safety before clinical application. Clinical advancements include the integration of these new technologies and methods into hospital and emergency care, emphasizing evidence-based practices and the importance of rapid, effective response techniques. These advancements cover the full range of resuscitation, from early recognition systems to post-resuscitation care and neuroprognostication. Moreover, this Special Issue incorporates advancements in related topics, such as airway management, ventilation, peri-arrest arrhythmias, shock, cardiac monitoring, point-of-care ultrasound, and non-technical skills in emergency settings.

Community-based challenges and innovations, such as public access defibrillation programs and training for non-medical personnel, are highlighted to emphasize the importance of immediate response in increasing survival rates outside of medical facilities. Challenges of note include the scientific hurdles in developing reliable and effective resuscitation methods, the practical issues of implementing these advancements uniformly across different regions and communities, and ethical considerations.

Below is a non-exhaustive list of specific topics of interest:

  • Animal models of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in preclinical research (rats, mice, swine, etc.);
  • Life-support training for non-medical personnel;
  • Early recognition systems for deteriorating patients;
  • Neuroprognostication after resuscitation;
  • Temperature management after resuscitation;
  • Non-technical skills in the emergency setting;
  • Extracorporeal CPR (eCPR);
  • Public access defibrillation;
  • Shock;
  • Anaphylaxis;
  • Artificial intelligence in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

All types of manuscripts are welcome for submission, including full-length original articles, reviews (narrative and systematic with/without meta-analysis), and high-quality case reports.

Dr. Georgios Mavrovounis
Dr. Ioannis Pantazopoulos
Dr. Maria Mermiri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • defibrillation
  • mechanical CPR
  • emergency medicine
  • automated external defibrillator
  • e-CPR
  • post-resuscitation period
  • neurological outcomes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Causes and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Murat Aslan, Rabia Yılmaz, Dicle Birtane and Zafer Çukurova
Medicina 2025, 61(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020338 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (post-CPR) period is a common pathology that has not been adequately investigated but contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the causes of AKI in the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (post-CPR) period is a common pathology that has not been adequately investigated but contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the causes of AKI in the early post-CPR period. Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively in 82 adult patients who survived for at least 2 days out of 312 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac arrest in 2013–2022. AKI developed in 40 (48.7%) of these 82 patients (AKI 1–3 patient, respectively: 14, 13, 13). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed separately to determine the risk factors for AKI and mortality. Results: Each unit increase in BMI increased the risk of developing AKI by 1.272-fold, and the increase was statistically significant [OR (95%CI) = 1.272 (1.089–1486); p = 0.002]. The use of VSP and INO treatment alone increased the risk of AKI by approximately 14-fold, and this increase was statistically significant [OR (95%CI) = 14.225 (1.172–172.669); p = 0.037]. The combined use of VSP and INO treatment increased the risk of AKI by approximately 42-fold, and this increase was statistically significant [OR (95%CI) = 42.089 (2.683–660.201); p = 0.008]. The COVID-19 period alone increased the risk of developing AKI by 2.8-fold compared to the non-COVID-19 period, but the statistical significance of this increase was limited [OR (95%CI) = 2.801 (0.859–9.126); p = 0.088]. The development of AKI was not associated with mortality [OR (95%CI) = 2.194 (0.700–6.872); p = 0.178]. Conclusions: Having VSP and/or INO support and high BMI in the post-CPR period are the most important reasons for the development of AKI. COVID-19 may also increase the risk of developing AKI. Full article
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8 pages, 572 KiB  
Article
Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Examination of Resuscitation Outcomes
by Yakup Söğütlü and Uğur Altaş
Medicina 2024, 60(11), 1739; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60111739 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1754
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We aimed to assess the outcomes of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) and to identify key factors influencing survival. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study examined the demographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, initial rhythm, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: We aimed to assess the outcomes of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) and to identify key factors influencing survival. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study examined the demographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, initial rhythm, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), lactate levels, and outcomes of pediatric patients with IHCAs and compared these parameters between survivors and non-survivors. Results: A total of 43 patients were included in this study, including 21 boys (48.8%) and 22 girls (51.2%) with a median age of 36 months (range 1–203). CPR was initiated due to pulselessness in 23 patients (53.5%), respiratory arrest in 13 (30.2%), and bradycardia in 7 (16.3%). The first monitored rhythm in the emergency department was asystole in 29 patients (67.4%) and bradycardia in 14 (32.6%). Despite effective CPR, the mortality rate was 65.1% (n = 28). As a prognostic factor, asystole was found to be more common in non-survivors than in survivors (83.1% vs. 40%, p = 0.005). Additionally, lactate levels (16.6 vs. 10.6, p = 0.04) and CPR duration (45 vs. 15 min, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in non-survivors. Conclusions: IHCAs remain a critical concern, with varying outcomes influenced by factors such as initial rhythm, lactate levels, and CPR duration. Full article
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