Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 May 2026 | Viewed by 437

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: ophthalmology; retinal imaging; medical retina; vitreoretinal diseases; ocular surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Interests: OCT; clinical ophthalmology; cataract surgery; eye diseases; glaucoma; macular degeneration; retinal diseases; vitreoretinal surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the journal Medicina, we are delighted to present this Special Issue, titled "Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies".

As the prevalence of diabetes dramatically increases, millions of people are at risk of developing diabetes-related ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). DR and DME remain some of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, and these are the only types of blindness and visual impairment where prevalence continues to rise. Early detection of DR/DME is key to preventing sight-threatening complications. In the effort to achieve this, diabetic eye-screening programmes either have been or are being established, improving access to early diagnosis of DR/DME and appropriate referral to treatment.

In this Special Issue, our aim is to discuss and share the up-to-date experiences of clinical practices, treatment options, imaging modalities, and basic research into the field of diabetic retinopathy via original research articles, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, and systematic reviews with meta-analyses.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following keywords.

  • diabetes mellitus
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • diabetic macular edema
  • retinal imaging
  • anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections
  • dexamethasone implant
  • vitreoretinal surgery
  • photocoagulation laser
  • diabetic eye-screening program
  • artificial intelligence

Dr. Rossella D'Aloisio
Dr. Marco Rocco Pastore
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • diabetic macular edema
  • retinal imaging
  • anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections
  • dexamethasone implant
  • vitreoretinal surgery
  • photocoagulation laser
  • diabetic eye-screening program
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 750 KB  
Article
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Young-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Croatia: Risk Factors and a Predictive Economic Model for National Screening
by Ivan Borjan, Ivna Pleština-Borjan, Ljubo Znaor, Maja Pavić, Tatjana Josifova, Irena Marković, Beáta Éva Petrovski and Goran Petrovski
Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122168 - 5 Dec 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To provide, for the first time, statistical data on risk factors for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in young-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Croatia, and to develop a predictive health economic model to evaluate the clinical and financial impact of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: To provide, for the first time, statistical data on risk factors for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in young-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Croatia, and to develop a predictive health economic model to evaluate the clinical and financial impact of implementing a national diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study at University Hospital Split (June 2020–June 2022) analyzed 58 suitable T1D patients out of 562 screened. Patients were classified based on detailed fundus exams and photos into PDR and non-PDR groups. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed using logistic regression. A health economic model was established to project the number of preventable PDR cases and the potential cost savings under various screening scenarios. Results: PDR was found in 47% of patients. Its presence was statistically significantly linked to longer diabetes duration, poor glycemic control, onset before 18 years of age, and irregular eye exams. Irregular ophthalmologic examinations increased the odds of PDR by nearly 30-fold. Health-economic modeling for 10,000 young-onset T1D patients showed that annual screening with 60% uptake could prevent about 1973 PDR cases and save €14.2 million annually. Screening remained cost-effective even with moderate uptake or less frequent intervals. Conclusions: Strict glycemic control and regular eye examinations are critical for preventing PDR in young T1D, and establishing a national screening program would be cost-effective, especially in resource-limited settings like Croatia, where providing appropriate, timely treatment may be challenging. Full article
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