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Guest Editor

Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
Interests: nuclear materials; surface interaction with reactive gases; oxidation; hydrogenation; segregation

Dr. Shimon Zalkind

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Guest Editor

Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, POB 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
Interests: surface characterization; oxidation and corrosion; nuclear materials; materials for renewal energy

Dr. Shai Cohen

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Guest Editor

Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, POB 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
Interests: surface characterization; surface interaction with corrosive gases; oxidation; radiation damage in nuclear materials; radiation detection and measurements

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to the forthcoming Special Issue: ‘’Surfaces of Metals and Alloys – Phenomena, Processes, and their Characterization’’.

For decades, the study of metal and alloy surfaces was of interest due to basic as well as practical/commercial reasons. Basic physical and chemical aspects, like strain and stress, reconstruction, segregation, diffusion, chemisorption and physisorption, electronic properties, and thermodynamics, as well as practical/commercial aspects, such as modification and catalysis, were characterized and studied by various experimental (XPS, AES, ISS, DRS, STM, FTIR, and more) simulations and modeling. Some of the experimental methods are sensitive only to the outermost surface (ISS and DRS, for example) and some are also sensitive to the subsurface (XPS and AES, for example), so combinations of methods enable a distinction between surface and subsurface processes.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest developments in this research area, including all the topics mentioned above, as well as other and new ones.

Research articles, review articles, and communications are invited.

Should you need any further information about this Special Issue, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Dr. Noah Shamir
Dr. Shimon Zalkind
Dr. Shai Cohen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2300 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

metal and alloys surfaces
surface characterization methods
surface chemical reactions
surface structure
surface stress and strain
surface relaxation and reconstruction
surface diffusion
surface thermodynamics
electronic properties
segregation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Temperature Cycling Pretreatment on the Thermal Stability of Sm₂(Co, Fe, Zr, Cu)₁₇ Magnets in the Mild Temperature Range

and

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8830; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248830 - 10 Dec 2022

Viewed by 456

Abstract

The irredeemable magnetic losses of Sm(Co, Fe, Zr, Cu)_7.8 permanent magnets caused by oxidation are very important for their practical application. In this work, the simulated results with R² ≥ 98% based on the data of the temperature cycling test and the long-term isothermal test for the original samples confirmed that the magnetic flux losses reached 9.38% after the 5000th cycle in range R.T.–300 °C, and 7.15% after oxidated at 180 °C for 10 years, respectively. Demagnetization curves showed that the low-temperature oxidation mainly led to the remanence attenuation, while the coercivity remained relatively stable. SEM observation and EDS analysis revealed that an oxide outer layer with a thickness of 1.96 μm was formed on the surface of the original sample at 180 °C for 180 days, in which there was no enrichment or precipitation of metal elements. However, once a Cu, O-rich outer layer with a thickness of 0.72 μm was grown by using a temperature cycling from −50–250 °C for three cycles, the attenuation of magnetic properties could be inhibited under the low-temperature oxidation. This work suggested that the magnetic attenuation of Sm₂Co₁₇-type permanent magnets in the low-temperature field could not be ignored, and provided a simple method to suppress this attenuation of magnetic properties below 300 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces of Metals and Alloys – Phenomena, Processes and Their Characterization)

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Open AccessArticle

The Initial Oxidation of HfNiSn Half-Heusler Alloy by Oxygen and Water Vapor

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Materials 2021, 14(14), 3942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143942 - 14 Jul 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 859

Abstract

The MNiSn (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) n-type semiconductor half-Heusler alloys are leading candidates for the use as highly efficient waste heat recovery devices at elevated temperatures. For practical applications, it is crucial to consider also the environmental stability of the alloys at working conditions, and therefore it is required to characterize and understand their oxidation behavior. This work is focused on studying the surface composition and the initial oxidation of HfNiSn alloy by oxygen and water vapor at room temperature and at 1000 K by utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During heating in vacuum, Sn segregated to the surface, creating a sub-nanometer overlayer. Exposing the surface to both oxygen and water vapor resulted mainly in Hf oxidation to HfO₂ and only minor oxidation of Sn, in accordance with the oxide formation enthalpy of the components. The alloy was more susceptible to oxidation by water vapor compared to oxygen. Long exposure of HfNiSn and ZrNiSn samples to moderate water vapor pressure and temperature, during system bakeout, resulted also in a formation of a thin SnO₂ overlayer. Some comparison to the oxidation of TiNiSn and ZrNiSn, previously reported, is given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces of Metals and Alloys – Phenomena, Processes and Their Characterization)

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