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Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 7869

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anthi Ranella

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Guest Editor

Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklio, Greece
Interests: tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; neuroengineering; immunoengineering; biomimetic scaffolds

Dr. Phanee Manganas

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor

Ultrafast Laser Micro- and Nano-Processing (ULMNP) Group, IESL-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
Interests: biochemistry; molecular biology; mitochondrial biology; redox regulation; tissue engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications” will address advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials science, including fabrication technologies, modeling of the fabricated constructs, and hypothesis-driven design of biomaterials and models for implant manufacturing. The emphasis of this issue is on the relationship between biomaterials structure and function, the effect of surface topography on cell responses, as well as the interaction of implant/scaffold surface energy with cell/tissue functionality and regeneration. Original manuscripts are also solicited on biomaterial surface structure in relation to biocompatibility, protein adsorption, and/or antimicrobial properties. Articles and reviews dealing with the topography-, chemistry- and surface energy-related mechanobiological mechanisms, the design and fabrication of implants/scaffolds with defined chemistry and topographical patterns at the micro- and nanoscale, and the study of the underlying effects of physicochemical cues on cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation are also very welcome.

Dr. Anthi Ranella
Dr. Phanee Manganas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Surface topography
Implant fabrication
Scaffold design
Biomaterials engineering
Tissue engineering
Tissue regeneration
Cell viability
Biocompatibility

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2892 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Oriented Co-Culture System Using 3D Scaffolds Fabricated via Non-Linear Lithography

by Antonis Kordas, Phanee Manganas, Alexandros Selimis, Georgios D. Barmparis, Maria Farsari and Anthi Ranella

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4349; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124349 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1545

Abstract

Damage in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is related to numerous neurodegenerative diseases and has consequently drawn the attention of Tissue Engineering (TE), which is considered a promising alternative to already established methods such as surgery and autografts. TE focuses on the design, optimization, and use of scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. In this work, the authors used a novel scaffold geometry fabricated via Multiphoton Lithography (MPL), a commonly used fabrication method, for the mono- and co-cultures of glial Schwann (SW10) and neuronal Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Both cell types have already been used for the study of various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their focus has been on only one of the cell types at a time, with studies regarding their co-culture only recently documented. Here, the suitability of the fabricated scaffolds has been explored and the effects of topography on SW10 and N2a behavior have been investigated. Our findings demonstrate that scaffold co-culture systems favor the presence of neurites compared to mono-cultures at 21 days (31.4 ± 5.5% and 15.4 ± 5.4%, respectively), while there is also a significant decrease in long neurites in the mono-culture over time (45.3 ± 15.9% at 7 days versus 15.4 ± 5.4% at 21 days). It has been shown that the scaffolds can successfully manipulate cell growth, elongation, and morphology, and these results can form a basis for the development of an experimental model for the study of PNS-related diseases and understanding of key cell functions such as myelination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications)

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13 pages, 4718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Indium (III) Chloride on Human Dermal Fibroblast Cell Adhesion on Tantalum/Silicon Oxide Nano-Composites

by Ali Eskandari, D. Moira Glerum and Ting Y. Tsui

Materials 2022, 15(10), 3577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103577 - 17 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1351

Abstract

Cell adhesion is an essential biological function for division, migration, signaling and tissue development. While it has been demonstrated that this cell function can be modified by using nanometer-scale surface topographic structures, it remains unknown how contaminants such as indium (III) ion might influence this specific cell behavior. Herein, the influence of indium chloride on human dermal fibroblast (GM5565) adhesion characteristics was investigated, given the frequent contact of contaminants with skin. The morphology of the adherent cells and their mitochondrial reticulum was characterized on cell culture dishes and nanopatterned surfaces by using fluorescence confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed a significant proportion of cells lost their ability to align preferentially along the line axes of the nanopattern upon exposure to 3.2 mM indium chloride, with cells aligned within 10° of the pattern line axes reduced by as much as ~70%. Concurrent with the cell adhesion behaviors, the mitochondria in cells exposed to indium chloride exhibit a punctate staining that contrasts with the normal network of elongated tubular geometry seen in control cells. Our results demonstrate that exposure to indium chloride has detrimental effects on the behavior of human fibroblasts and adversely impacts their mitochondrial morphology. This shows the importance of evaluating the biological impacts of indium compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications)

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22 pages, 7486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultra-Short Laser Surface Properties Optimization of Biocompatibility Characteristics of 3D Poly-ε-Caprolactone and Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds

by Albena Daskalova, Emil Filipov, Liliya Angelova, Radostin Stefanov, Dragomir Tatchev, Georgi Avdeev, Lamborghini Sotelo, Silke Christiansen, George Sarau, Gerd Leuchs, Ekaterina Iordanova and Ivan Buchvarov

Materials 2021, 14(24), 7513; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247513 - 07 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2525

Abstract

The use of laser processing for the creation of diverse morphological patterns onto the surface of polymer scaffolds represents a method for overcoming bacterial biofilm formation and inducing enhanced cellular dynamics. We have investigated the influence of ultra-short laser parameters on 3D-printed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and poly-ε-caprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds with the aim of creating submicron geometrical features to improve the matrix biocompatibility properties. Specifically, the present research was focused on monitoring the effect of the laser fluence (F) and the number of applied pulses (N) on the morphological, chemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. SEM analysis revealed that the femtosecond laser treatment of the scaffolds led to the formation of two distinct surface geometrical patterns, microchannels and single microprotrusions, without triggering collateral damage to the surrounding zones. We found that the microchannel structures favor the hydrophilicity properties. As demonstrated by the computer tomography results, surface roughness of the modified zones increases compared to the non-modified surface, without influencing the mechanical stability of the 3D matrices. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the laser structuring of the matrices did not lead to a change in the semi-crystalline phase of the PCL. The combinations of two types of geometrical designs—wood pile and snowflake—with laser-induced morphologies in the form of channels and columns are considered for optimizing the conditions for establishing an ideal scaffold, namely, precise dimensional form, mechanical stability, improved cytocompatibility and antibacterial behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications)

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17 pages, 4051 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Laser Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Which Can Enhance Cells’ Osteo-Differentiation

by Peter Šugár, Barbora Ludrovcová, Marie Hubálek Kalbáčová, Jana Šugárová, Martin Sahul and Jaroslav Kováčik

Materials 2021, 14(20), 6067; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206067 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1639

Abstract

The paper examines the surface functionalization of a new type of Ti-graphite composite, a dental biomaterial prepared by vacuum low-temperature extrusion of hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder mixed with graphite flakes. Two experimental surfaces were prepared by laser micromachining applying different levels of incident energy of the fiber nanosecond laser working at 1064 nm wavelength. The surface integrity of the machined surfaces was evaluated, including surface roughness parameters measurement by contact profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The chemical and phase composition were comprehensively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Finally, the in vitro tests using human mesenchymal stem cells were conducted to compare the influence of the laser processing parameters used on the cell’s cultivation and osteo-differentiation. The bioactivity results confirmed that the surface profile with positive kurtosis, platykurtic distribution curve and higher value of peaks spacing exhibited better bioactivity compared to the surface profile with negative kurtosis coefficient, leptokurtic distribution curve and lower peaks spacing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Topography and Design of Scaffolds and Implant Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications)

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